refactor(usb_host): Removed parent_dev_hdl from the External Port Driver (part3/4)

[roma-jam]

Description

Removed parent device handle from the External Port Driver and updated the test accordingly.

Refactored the output, as the Driver doesn't have any information about the parent device from the USBH now: address and speed.

Related

• Cherry-picked from refactor(usb_host): Move parent-child tree management to Hub Driver #267
• Prerequisites in refactor(usb_host): Removed parent_dev_hdl from device tree node in Hub Driver (part2/4) #289
• Follow-up in refactor(usb_host): Changed the parent information source for usb_host_device_info() (part4/4) #291
• Relates to IDF-10023 - Move parent-child tree management responsibility to Hub Driver

Testing

USB Host target tests.

---

Checklist

Before submitting a Pull Request, please ensure the following:

• 🚨 This PR does not introduce breaking changes.
• All CI checks (GH Actions) pass.
• Documentation is updated as needed.
• Tests are updated or added as necessary.
• Code is well-commented, especially in complex areas.
• Git history is clean — commits are squashed to the minimum necessary.

[igi540]

LGTM.