refactor(usb_host): Changed the parent information source for usb_host_device_info() (part4/4)

[roma-jam]

Description

As the parent information holds now in the device tree node in the Hub Driver, we need to get the parent information via Hub Driver API and node_id when the usb_host_device_info() is requested.

This does't violate the main requirement for device object handles in the USB Host Library: a device must be opened, for device handle to be valid.

From now on, the owner of the external hub device handle is the External Hub Driver, which holds the device opened and closes it during the device detachment or upon usb_host_device_free_all() public request.

Related

• Cherry-picked from refactor(usb_host): Move parent-child tree management to Hub Driver #267
• Prerequisites in refactor(usb_host): Removed parent_dev_hdl from the External Port Driver (part3/4) #290
• Closes IDF-10023 - Move parent-child tree management responsibility to Hub Driver
• Closes IDF-12502 - Remove the parent dev_hdl from parent_info structure

Testing

USB Host target tests with SanDisk flash drive, attached to the root port via external hub.

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Checklist

Before submitting a Pull Request, please ensure the following:

• 🚨 This PR does not introduce breaking changes.
• All CI checks (GH Actions) pass.
• Documentation is updated as needed.
• Tests are updated or added as necessary.
• Code is well-commented, especially in complex areas.
• Git history is clean — commits are squashed to the minimum necessary.