Syntax

6.1 Lexical elements

6.1.2 Identifiers

• identifier:
  • IDENTIFIER

6.1.3 Constants

• constant:
  • floating-constant
  • integer-constant
  • enumeration-constant
  • character-constant

6.1.3.1 Floating constants

• floating-constant:
  • FLOATING_CONSTANT

6.1.3.2 Integer constants

• integer-constant:
  • INTEGER_CONSTANT

6.1.3.3 Enumeration constants

• enumeration-constant:
  • identifier

6.1.3.4 Character constants

• character-constant:
  • CHARACTER_CONSTANT

6.1.4 String literals

• string-literal:
  • STRING_LITERAL

6.3 Expressions

6.3.1 Primary expression

• primary-expression:
  • identifier
  • constant
  • string-literal
  • ( expression )

6.3.2 Postfix operators

• postfix-expression:
  • primary-expression
  • postfix-expression [ expression ]
  • postfix-expression ( argument-expression-list[opt] )
  • postfix-expression . identifier
  • postfix-expression -> identifier
  • postfix-expression ++
  • postfix-expression --
• argument-expression-list:
  • assignment-expression
  • argument-expression-list , assignment-expression

6.3.3 Unary operators

• unary-expression:
  • postfix-expression
  • ++ unary-expression
  • -- unary-expression
  • unary-operator cast-expression
  • sizeof unary-expression
  • sizeof ( type-name )
• unary-operator:
  • &
  • *
  • +
  • -
  • ~
  • !

6.3.4 Cast operators

• cast-expression:
  • unary-expression
  • ( type-name ) cast-expression

6.3.5 Multiplicative operators

• multiplicative-expression:
  • cast-expression
  • multiplicative-expression * cast-expression
  • multiplicative-expression / cast-expression
  • multiplicative-expression % cast-expression

6.3.6 Additive operators

• additive-expression:
  • multiplicative-expression
  • additive-expression + multiplicative-expression
  • additive-expression - multiplicative-expression

6.3.7 Bitwise shift operators

• shift-expression:
  • additive-expression
  • shift-expression << additive-expression
  • shift-expression >> additive-expression

6.3.8 Relational operators

• relational-expression:
  • shift-expression
  • relational-expression < shift-expression
  • relational-expression > shift-expression
  • relational-expression <= shift-expression
  • relational-expression >= shift-expression

6.3.9 Equality operators

• equality-expression:
  • relational-expression
  • equality-expression == relational-expression
  • equality-expression != relational-expression

6.3.10 Bitwise AND operator

• AND-expression:
  • equality-expression
  • AND-expression & equality-expression

6.3.11 Bitwise exclusive OR operator

• exclusive-OR-expression:
  • AND-expression
  • exclusive-OR-expression ^ AND-expression

6.3.12 Bitwise inclusive OR operator

• inclusive-OR-expression:
  • exclusive-OR-expression
  • inclusive-OR-expression | exclusive-OR-expression

6.3.13 Logical AND operator

• logical-AND-expression:
  • inclusive-OR-expression
  • logical-AND-expression && inclusive-OR-expression

6.3.14 Logical OR operator

• logical-OR-expression:
  • logical-AND-expression
  • logical-OR-expression || logical-AND-expression

6.3.15 Conditional operator

• conditional-expression:
  • logical-OR-expression
  • logical-OR-expression ? expression : conditional-expression

6.3.16 Assignment operators

• assignment-expression:
  • conditional-expression
  • unary-expression assignment-operator assignment-expression
• assignment-operator:
  • =
  • *=
  • /=
  • %=
  • +=
  • -=
  • <<=
  • >>=
  • &=
  • ^=
  • |=

6.3.17 Comma operator

• expression:
  • assignment-expression
  • expression , assignment-expression

6.4 Constant expression

• constant-expression:
  • conditional-expression

6.5 Declarations

• declaration:
  • declaration-specifiers init-declarator-list[opt] ;
• declaration-specifiers:
  • storage-class-specifier declaration-specifiers[opt]
  • type-specifier declaration-specifiers[opt]
  • type-qualifier declaration-specifiers[opt]
• init-declarator-list:
  • init-declarator
  • init-declarator-list , init-declarator
• init-declarator:
  • declarator
  • declarator = initializer

6.5.1 Storage-class specifiers

• storage-class-specifier:
  • typedef
  • extern
  • static
  • auto
  • register

6.5.2 Type specifiers

• type-specifier:
  • void
  • char
  • short
  • int
  • long
  • float
  • double
  • signed
  • unsigned
  • struct-or-union-specifier
  • enum-specifier
  • typedef-name

6.5.2.1 Structure and union specifiers

• struct-or-union-specifier:
  • struct-or-union identifier[opt] { struct-declaration-list }
  • struct-or-union identifier
• struct-or-union:
  • struct
  • union
• struct-declaration-list:
  • struct-declaration
  • struct-declaration-list struct-declaration
• struct-declaration:
  • specifier-qualifier-list struct-declarator-list ;
• specifier-qualifier-list:
  • type-specifier specifier-qualifier-list[opt]
  • type-qualifier specifier-qualifier-list[opt]
• struct-declarator-list:
  • struct-declarator
  • struct-declarator-list , struct-declarator
• struct-declarator:
  • declarator
  • declarator[opt] : constant-expression

6.5.2.2 Enumeration specifiers

• enum-specifier:
  • enum identifier[opt] { enumerator-list }
  • enum identifier
• enumerator-list:
  • enumerator
  • enumerator-list , enumerator
• enumerator:
  • enumeration-constant
  • enumeration-constant = constant-expression

6.5.3 Type qualifiers

• type-qualifier:
  • const
  • volatile

6.5.4 Declarators

• declarator:
  • pointer[opt] direct-declarator
• direct-declarator:
  • identifier
  • ( declarator )
  • direct-declarator [ constant-expression[opt] ]
  • direct-declarator ( parameter-type-list )
  • direct-declarator ( identifier-list[opt] )
• pointer:
  • * type-qualifier-list[opt]
  • * type-qualifier-list[opt] pointer
• type-qualifier-list:
  • type-qualifier
  • type-qualifier-list type-qualifier
• parameter-type-list:
  • parameter-list
  • parameter-list , ...
• parameter-list:
  • parameter-declaration
  • parameter-list , parameter-declaration
• parameter-declaration:
  • declaration-specifiers declarator
  • declaration-specifiers abstract-declarator[opt]
• identifier-list:
  • identifier
  • identifier-list , identifier

6.5.5 Types names

• type-name:
  • specifier-qualifier-list abstract-declarator[opt]
• abstract-declarator:
  • pointer
  • pointer[opt] direct-abstract-declarator
• direct-abstract-declarator:
  • ( abstract-declarator )
  • direct-abstract-declarator[opt] [ constant-expression[opt] ]
  • direct-abstract-declarator[opt] ( parameter-type-list[opt] )

6.5.6 Type definitions

• typedef-name:
  • identifier

6.5.7 Initialization

• initializer:

  • assignment-expression
  • { initializer-list }
  • { initializer-list , }

• initializer-list:

  • initializer
  • initializer-list , initializer

6.6 Statements

• statement:
  • labeled-statement
  • compound-statement
  • expression-statement
  • selection-statement
  • iteration-statement
  • jump-statement

6.6.1 Labeled statements

• labeled-statement:
  • identifier : statement
  • case constant-expression : statement
  • default : statement

6.6.2 Compound statement, or block

• compound-statement:
  • { declaration-list[opt] statement-list[opt] }
• declaration-list:
  • declaration
  • declaration-list declaration
• statement-list:
  • statement
  • statement-list statement

6.6.3 Expression and null statements

• expression-statement:
  • expression[opt] ;

6.6.4 Selection statements

• selection-statement:
  • if ( expression ) statement
  • if ( expression ) statement else statement
  • switch ( expression ) statement

6.6.5 Iteration statements

• iteration-statement:
  • while ( expression ) statement
  • do statement while ( expression ) ;
  • for ( expression[opt] ; expression[opt] ; expression[opt] ) statement

6.6.6 Jump statements

• jump-statement:
  • goto identifier ;
  • continue ;
  • break ;
  • return expression[opt] ;

6.7 External definitions

• translation-unit:

  • external-declaration
  • translation-unit external-declaration

• external-declaration:

  • function-definition
  • declaration

6.7.1 Function definitions

• function-definition:
  • declaration-specifiers[opt] declarator declaration-list[opt] compound-statement