You can use this image on such CI/CD like Bitbucket/GitLab/GitHub Actions/etc, which uses docker containers.
Example for bitbucket-pipelines.yml file:
image: softartdev/android-fastlane
pipelines:
  default:
    - step:
        name: Build step
        script:
          - ./gradlew build
    - step:
        name: Publish step
        script:
         - fastlane playstore
For fastlane step within your repository you must have Fastfile with match lane inside:
default_platform(:android)
platform :android do
  lane :playstore do
    gradle(
      task: 'bundle', # for AAB, or use 'assemble' for APK
      build_type: 'Release'
    )
    upload_to_play_store # Uploads the APK/AAB built in the gradle step above
  end
end
Desirable debug it locally before push to remote repository.