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Add fractional chromatic number (ForMathlib) and the Hall ratio conjecture (disproved) - #5214

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Add fractional chromatic number (ForMathlib) and the Hall ratio conjecture (disproved)#5214
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Adds the fractional chromatic number (absent from Mathlib and upstream) and Harris's Hall ratio conjecture, recorded as disproved.

ForMathlib — new FormalConjecturesForMathlib/Combinatorics/SimpleGraph/FractionalChromaticNumber.lean: IsFractionalColoring (nonnegative weights on independent finsets covering every vertex with weight ≥ 1), fractionalColoringWeights, fractionalChromaticNumber (an sInf over ℝ). Proved: the singleton weighting is a fractional colouring of total weight $|V|$, hence fractionalChromaticNumber_le_card; and fractionalChromaticNumber_nonneg.

Problem fileFormalConjectures/Wikipedia/HallRatioConjecture.lean:

Declaration Content Status
hallRatio $\rho(G) = \max_H V(H)
hall_ratio_conjecture $\exists C\ \forall G,\ \chi_f(G) \le C\rho(G)$ (Harris 2019) answer(False) — Dvořák–Ossona de Mendez–Wu 2020; Blumenthal–Lidický–Martin–Norin–Pfender–Volec 2022
.variants.hallRatio_le_fractionalChromaticNumber $\rho \le \chi_f$ sorry + reference
.variants.unbounded $\chi_f/\rho$ is unbounded sorry + references
fractionalChromaticNumber_le_card sanity check on the definition proved (test)

Umbrella regenerated with scripts/mk_all_formathlib.sh and included in the commit.

Verification

lake build of both modules on v4.33.1: clean, all linters pass.

🤖 Generated with Claude Code

…cture (disproved)

- New FormalConjecturesForMathlib/Combinatorics/SimpleGraph/FractionalChromaticNumber.lean:
  fractional colourings, fractionalColoringWeights, fractionalChromaticNumber; proved that the
  singleton weighting is a fractional colouring, χ_f ≥ 0 and χ_f ≤ |V|.
- New FormalConjectures/Wikipedia/HallRatioConjecture.lean: the Hall ratio; Harris's conjecture
  χ_f ≤ C·ρ recorded as answer(False) (Dvořák–Ossona de Mendez–Wu; Blumenthal et al.); ρ ≤ χ_f
  and the unbounded-ratio theorem as variants.
@github-actions github-actions Bot added wikipedia for-mathlib touching our `FormalConjecturesForMathlib` dir labels Aug 29, 2026
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