cosmos · Eric-Warehime · Nov 3, 2025 · Oct 29, 2025 · Oct 29, 2025 · Oct 29, 2025
diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
 
 ### FEATURES
 
+- [\#589](https://github.com/cosmos/evm/pull/589) Remove parallelization blockers via migration from transient to object store, refactoring of gas, indexing, and bloom utilities.
 - [\#768](https://github.com/cosmos/evm/pull/768) Added ICS-02 Client Router precompile
 
 ### BUG FIXES
@@ -110,7 +111,6 @@
 - [\#577](https://github.com/cosmos/evm/pull/577) Changed the way to create a stateful precompile based on the cmn.Precompile, change `NewPrecompile` to not return error.
 - [\#661](https://github.com/cosmos/evm/pull/661) Removes evmAppOptions from the repository and moves initialization to genesis. Chains must now have a display and denom metadata set for the defined EVM denom in the bank module's metadata.
 
-
 ## v0.4.1
 
 ### DEPENDENCIES

diff --git a/ante/cosmos.go b/ante/cosmos.go
@@ -40,6 +40,5 @@ func newCosmosAnteHandler(ctx sdk.Context, options HandlerOptions) sdk.AnteHandl
 		ante.NewSigVerificationDecorator(options.AccountKeeper, options.SignModeHandler),
 		ante.NewIncrementSequenceDecorator(options.AccountKeeper),
 		ibcante.NewRedundantRelayDecorator(options.IBCKeeper),
-		evmante.NewGasWantedDecorator(options.EvmKeeper, options.FeeMarketKeeper, &feemarketParams),
 	)
 }
diff --git a/ante/evm/01_setup_ctx.go b/ante/evm/01_setup_ctx.go
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 package evm
 
 import (
-	anteinterfaces "github.com/cosmos/evm/ante/interfaces"
 	evmante "github.com/cosmos/evm/x/vm/ante"
 
 	errorsmod "cosmossdk.io/errors"
@@ -16,18 +15,10 @@ var _ sdktypes.AnteDecorator = &EthSetupContextDecorator{}
 
 // EthSetupContextDecorator is adapted from SetUpContextDecorator from cosmos-sdk, it ignores gas consumption
 // by setting the gas meter to infinite
-type EthSetupContextDecorator struct {
-	evmKeeper anteinterfaces.EVMKeeper
-}
-
-func NewEthSetUpContextDecorator(evmKeeper anteinterfaces.EVMKeeper) EthSetupContextDecorator {
-	return EthSetupContextDecorator{
-		evmKeeper: evmKeeper,
-	}
-}
+type EthSetupContextDecorator struct{}
 
 func (esc EthSetupContextDecorator) AnteHandle(ctx sdktypes.Context, tx sdktypes.Tx, simulate bool, next sdktypes.AnteHandler) (newCtx sdktypes.Context, err error) {
-	newCtx, err = SetupContextAndResetTransientGas(ctx, tx, esc.evmKeeper)
+	newCtx, err = SetupContextAndResetTransientGas(ctx, tx)
 	if err != nil {
 		return ctx, err
 	}
@@ -37,7 +28,7 @@ func (esc EthSetupContextDecorator) AnteHandle(ctx sdktypes.Context, tx sdktypes
 // SetupContextAndResetTransientGas modifies the context to be used in the
 // execution of the ante handler associated with an EVM transaction. Previous
 // gas consumed is reset in the transient store.
-func SetupContextAndResetTransientGas(ctx sdktypes.Context, tx sdktypes.Tx, evmKeeper anteinterfaces.EVMKeeper) (sdktypes.Context, error) {
+func SetupContextAndResetTransientGas(ctx sdktypes.Context, tx sdktypes.Tx) (sdktypes.Context, error) {
 	// all transactions must implement GasTx
 	_, ok := tx.(authante.GasTx)
 	if !ok {
@@ -50,12 +41,5 @@ func SetupContextAndResetTransientGas(ctx sdktypes.Context, tx sdktypes.Tx, evmK
 	newCtx := evmante.BuildEvmExecutionCtx(ctx).
 		WithGasMeter(storetypes.NewInfiniteGasMeter())
 
-	// Reset transient gas used to prepare the execution of current cosmos tx.
-	// Transient gas-used is necessary to sum the gas-used of cosmos tx, when it contains multiple eth msgs.
-	//
-	// TODO: add more context here to explain why gas used is reset. Not clear
-	// from docstring.
-	evmKeeper.ResetTransientGasUsed(ctx)
-
 	return newCtx, nil
 }
diff --git a/ante/evm/10_gas_wanted.go b/ante/evm/10_gas_wanted.go
diff --git a/ante/evm/11_emit_event.go b/ante/evm/11_emit_event.go
@@ -3,62 +3,23 @@ package evm
 import (
 	"strconv"
 
-	anteinterfaces "github.com/cosmos/evm/ante/interfaces"
 	evmtypes "github.com/cosmos/evm/x/vm/types"
 
-	errorsmod "cosmossdk.io/errors"
-
 	sdk "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/types"
-	errortypes "github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/types/errors"
 )
 
-// EthEmitEventDecorator emit events in ante handler in case of tx execution failed (out of block gas limit).
-type EthEmitEventDecorator struct {
-	evmKeeper anteinterfaces.EVMKeeper
-}
-
-// NewEthEmitEventDecorator creates a new EthEmitEventDecorator
-func NewEthEmitEventDecorator(evmKeeper anteinterfaces.EVMKeeper) EthEmitEventDecorator {
-	return EthEmitEventDecorator{evmKeeper}
-}
-
-// AnteHandle emits some basic events for the eth messages
-func (eeed EthEmitEventDecorator) AnteHandle(ctx sdk.Context, tx sdk.Tx, simulate bool, next sdk.AnteHandler) (newCtx sdk.Context, err error) {
-	// After eth tx passed ante handler, the fee is deducted and nonce increased, it shouldn't be ignored by json-rpc,
-	// we need to emit some basic events at the very end of ante handler to be indexed by CometBFT.
-	blockTxIndex := eeed.evmKeeper.GetTxIndexTransient(ctx)
-
-	msgs := tx.GetMsgs()
-	if msgs == nil {
-		return ctx, errorsmod.Wrap(errortypes.ErrUnknownRequest, "invalid transaction. Transaction without messages")
-	}
-
-	for i, msg := range msgs {
-		msgEthTx, ok := msg.(*evmtypes.MsgEthereumTx)
-		if !ok {
-			return ctx, errorsmod.Wrapf(errortypes.ErrUnknownRequest, "invalid message type %T, expected %T", msg, (*evmtypes.MsgEthereumTx)(nil))
-		}
-
-		txIdx := uint64(i) //nolint:gosec // G115 // won't exceed uint64
-		EmitTxHashEvent(ctx, msgEthTx, blockTxIndex, txIdx)
-	}
-
-	return next(ctx, tx, simulate)
-}
-
 // EmitTxHashEvent emits the Ethereum tx
 //
 // FIXME: This is Technical debt. Ideally the sdk.Tx hash should be the Ethereum
 // tx hash (msg.Hash) instead of using events for indexing Eth txs.
-// TxIndex should be included in the header vote extension as part of ABCI++
-func EmitTxHashEvent(ctx sdk.Context, msg *evmtypes.MsgEthereumTx, blockTxIndex, msgIndex uint64) {
+func EmitTxHashEvent(ctx sdk.Context, msg *evmtypes.MsgEthereumTx, blockTxIndex uint64) {
 	// emit ethereum tx hash as an event so that it can be indexed by CometBFT for query purposes
 	// it's emitted in ante handler, so we can query failed transaction (out of block gas limit).
 	ctx.EventManager().EmitEvent(
 		sdk.NewEvent(
 			evmtypes.EventTypeEthereumTx,
 			sdk.NewAttribute(evmtypes.AttributeKeyEthereumTxHash, msg.Hash().String()),
-			sdk.NewAttribute(evmtypes.AttributeKeyTxIndex, strconv.FormatUint(blockTxIndex+msgIndex, 10)), // #nosec G115
+			sdk.NewAttribute(evmtypes.AttributeKeyTxIndex, strconv.FormatUint(blockTxIndex, 10)), // #nosec G115
 		),
 	)
 }
diff --git a/ante/evm/mono_decorator.go b/ante/evm/mono_decorator.go
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ func (md MonoDecorator) AnteHandle(ctx sdk.Context, tx sdk.Tx, simulate bool, ne
 	evmDenom := evmtypes.GetEVMCoinDenom()
 
 	// 1. setup ctx
-	ctx, err = SetupContextAndResetTransientGas(ctx, tx, md.evmKeeper)
+	ctx, err = SetupContextAndResetTransientGas(ctx, tx)
 	if err != nil {
 		return ctx, err
 	}
@@ -265,14 +265,8 @@ func (md MonoDecorator) AnteHandle(ctx sdk.Context, tx sdk.Tx, simulate bool, ne
 		return ctx, err
 	}
 
-	// 10. gas wanted
-	if err := CheckGasWanted(ctx, md.feeMarketKeeper, tx, decUtils.Rules.IsLondon, md.feemarketParams); err != nil {
-		return ctx, err
-	}
-
-	// 11. emit events
-	txIdx := uint64(msgIndex) //nolint:gosec // G115
-	EmitTxHashEvent(ctx, ethMsg, decUtils.BlockTxIndex, txIdx)
+	// Emit event unconditionally - ctx.TxIndex() will be valid during block execution
+	EmitTxHashEvent(ctx, ethMsg, uint64(ctx.TxIndex())) // #nosec G115 -- no overlfow here
 
 	if err := CheckTxFee(txFeeInfo, decUtils.TxFee, decUtils.TxGasLimit); err != nil {
 		return ctx, err

diff --git a/ante/evm/mono_decorator_test.go b/ante/evm/mono_decorator_test.go
@@ -62,13 +62,11 @@ func (k *ExtendedEVMKeeper) SpendableCoin(ctx sdk.Context, addr common.Address)
 	return uint256.NewInt(0)
 }
 
-func (k *ExtendedEVMKeeper) ResetTransientGasUsed(_ sdk.Context) {}
 func (k *ExtendedEVMKeeper) GetParams(_ sdk.Context) evmsdktypes.Params {
 	return evmsdktypes.DefaultParams()
 }
 func (k *ExtendedEVMKeeper) GetBaseFee(_ sdk.Context) *big.Int           { return big.NewInt(0) }
 func (k *ExtendedEVMKeeper) GetMinGasPrice(_ sdk.Context) math.LegacyDec { return math.LegacyZeroDec() }
-func (k *ExtendedEVMKeeper) GetTxIndexTransient(_ sdk.Context) uint64    { return 0 }
 
 // only methods called by EVMMonoDecorator
 type MockFeeMarketKeeper struct{}
@@ -79,9 +77,6 @@ func (m MockFeeMarketKeeper) GetParams(ctx sdk.Context) feemarkettypes.Params {
 	return param
 }
 
-func (m MockFeeMarketKeeper) AddTransientGasWanted(_ sdk.Context, _ uint64) (uint64, error) {
-	return 0, nil
-}
 func (m MockFeeMarketKeeper) GetBaseFeeEnabled(_ sdk.Context) bool    { return true }
 func (m MockFeeMarketKeeper) GetBaseFee(_ sdk.Context) math.LegacyDec { return math.LegacyZeroDec() }
 
@@ -222,6 +217,12 @@ func TestMonoDecorator(t *testing.T) {
 			monoDec := evm.NewEVMMonoDecorator(accountKeeper, feeMarketKeeper, keeper, 0, &params, &feemarketParams)
 			ctx := sdk.NewContext(nil, tmproto.Header{}, false, log.NewNopLogger())
 			ctx = ctx.WithBlockGasMeter(storetypes.NewGasMeter(1e19))
+			blockParams := tmproto.BlockParams{
+				MaxBytes: 200000,
+				MaxGas:   81500000, // default limit
+			}
+			consParams := tmproto.ConsensusParams{Block: &blockParams}
+			ctx = ctx.WithConsensusParams(consParams)
 
 			msgs := tc.buildMsgs(privKey)
 			tx, err := utiltx.PrepareEthTx(cfg.TxConfig, nil, toMsgSlice(msgs)...)

diff --git a/ante/evm/nonce_limit_test.go b/ante/evm/nonce_limit_test.go
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ func (m *mockAccountKeeper) GetAccount(ctx context.Context, addr sdk.AccAddress)
 }
 func (m *mockAccountKeeper) SetAccount(ctx context.Context, account sdk.AccountI)    { m.last = account }
 func (m *mockAccountKeeper) RemoveAccount(ctx context.Context, account sdk.AccountI) {}
-func (m *mockAccountKeeper) GetParams(ctx context.Context) (params authtypes.Params) { return }
+func (m *mockAccountKeeper) GetParams(ctx context.Context) (params authtypes.Params) { return params }
 func (m *mockAccountKeeper) GetSequence(ctx context.Context, addr sdk.AccAddress) (uint64, error) {
 	if m.last == nil {
 		return 0, nil

diff --git a/ante/evm/utils.go b/ante/evm/utils.go
@@ -26,7 +26,6 @@ type DecoratorUtils struct {
 	BaseFee            *big.Int
 	MempoolMinGasPrice sdkmath.LegacyDec
 	GlobalMinGasPrice  sdkmath.LegacyDec
-	BlockTxIndex       uint64
 	TxGasLimit         uint64
 	GasWanted          uint64
 	MinPriority        int64
@@ -73,7 +72,6 @@ func NewMonoDecoratorUtils(
 		BaseFee:            baseFee,
 		MempoolMinGasPrice: mempoolMinGasPrice,
 		GlobalMinGasPrice:  globalMinGasPrice,
-		BlockTxIndex:       ek.GetTxIndexTransient(ctx),
 		GasWanted:          0,
 		MinPriority:        int64(math.MaxInt64),
 		// TxGasLimit and TxFee are set to zero because they are updated

diff --git a/ante/interfaces/evm.go b/ante/interfaces/evm.go
@@ -23,15 +23,12 @@ type EVMKeeper interface {
 		stateDB vm.StateDB) *vm.EVM
 	DeductTxCostsFromUserBalance(ctx sdk.Context, fees sdk.Coins, from common.Address) error
 	SpendableCoin(ctx sdk.Context, addr common.Address) *uint256.Int
-	ResetTransientGasUsed(ctx sdk.Context)
-	GetTxIndexTransient(ctx sdk.Context) uint64
 	GetParams(ctx sdk.Context) evmtypes.Params
 }
 
 // FeeMarketKeeper exposes the required feemarket keeper interface required for ante handlers
 type FeeMarketKeeper interface {
 	GetParams(ctx sdk.Context) (params feemarkettypes.Params)
-	AddTransientGasWanted(ctx sdk.Context, gasWanted uint64) (uint64, error)
 }
 
 type ProtoTxProvider interface {

diff --git a/ante/types/block.go b/ante/types/block.go
@@ -10,13 +10,6 @@ import (
 // set, it returns the max gas from the application consensus params.
 // NOTE: see https://github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/issues/9514 for full reference
 func BlockGasLimit(ctx sdk.Context) uint64 {
-	blockGasMeter := ctx.BlockGasMeter()
-
-	// Get the limit from the gas meter only if its not null and not an InfiniteGasMeter
-	if blockGasMeter != nil && blockGasMeter.Limit() != 0 {
-		return blockGasMeter.Limit()
-	}
-
 	// Otherwise get from the consensus parameters
 	cp := ctx.ConsensusParams()
 	if cp.Block == nil {

diff --git a/ante/utils_test.go b/ante/utils_test.go
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ func generatePubKeysAndSignatures(n int, msg []byte, _ bool) (pubkeys []cryptoty
 		pubkeys[i] = privkey.PubKey()
 		signatures[i], _ = privkey.Sign(msg)
 	}
-	return
+	return pubkeys, signatures
 }
 
 func expectedGasCostByKeys(pubkeys []cryptotypes.PubKey) uint64 {