Add thread info API (stack usage, state, CPU usage, runtime)

[Copilot]

No API existed to query auxiliary per-thread diagnostics such as stack utilization, thread state, CPU load, or uptime.

New types

• dmosi_thread_state_t — enum covering CREATED, READY, RUNNING, BLOCKED, SUSPENDED, TERMINATED
• dmosi_thread_info_t — aggregate struct:

  typedef struct {
      size_t               stack_total;    /* total stack size in bytes        */
      size_t               stack_current;  /* current stack usage in bytes     */
      size_t               stack_peak;     /* peak stack usage in bytes        */
      dmosi_thread_state_t state;          /* current thread state             */
      float                cpu_usage;      /* CPU usage, 0.0–100.0 %          */
      uint64_t             runtime_ms;     /* thread uptime in milliseconds    */
  } dmosi_thread_info_t;

New API

DMOD_BUILTIN_API( dmosi, 1.0, int, _thread_get_info,
    (dmosi_thread_t thread, dmosi_thread_info_t* info) );

• thread == NULL → query current thread (consistent with other _thread_get_* functions)
• info == NULL → returns -EINVAL
• Weak default implementation zeroes the struct and returns -ENOSYS; RTOS ports override with real data

Original prompt

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This section details on the original issue you should resolve

<issue_title>Dodać API do pobierania informacji na temat wątków</issue_title>
<issue_description>Potrzebne jest API, które pozwoli pobrać strukturę, w której będą przechowywane informacje pomocnicze na temat wątków, takie jak:

1. Całkowity rozmiar stosu
2. Aktualne zużycie stosu
3. Szczytowe zużycie stosu
4. Stan wątku
5. CPU usage
6. Czas działania wątku</issue_description>

Comments on the Issue (you are @copilot in this section)

• Fixes Dodać API do pobierania informacji na temat wątków #21

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