[FLINK-38758][runtime] Introduce PackagedProgramApplication

[eemario]

What is the purpose of the change

This pull request introduces PackagedProgramApplication to run user-defined main methods as applications, which can replace the functionality of ApplicationDispatcherBootstrap.

Brief change log

• Implement PackagedProgramApplication that extends AbstractApplication. It runs the user's main method as an application and handles job termination.

Verifying this change

This change added tests and can be verified as follows:

• Added test that validates the behavior of PackagedProgramApplication

Does this pull request potentially affect one of the following parts:

• Dependencies (does it add or upgrade a dependency): (no)
• The public API, i.e., is any changed class annotated with @Public(Evolving): (no)
• The serializers: (no)
• The runtime per-record code paths (performance sensitive): (no)
• Anything that affects deployment or recovery: JobManager (and its components), Checkpointing, Kubernetes/Yarn, ZooKeeper: (no)
• The S3 file system connector: (no)

Documentation

• Does this pull request introduce a new feature? (yes)
• If yes, how is the feature documented? (docs)

[flinkbot]

CI report:

• 54bee81 Azure: SUCCESS

Bot commands

The @flinkbot bot supports the following commands:

• @flinkbot run azure re-run the last Azure build

[eemario]

@flinkbot run azure

[zhuzhurk]

LGTM.