Microbenchmark

Task

The microbenchmark evaluates the performance of the native operations that the FHE schemes support, i.e., addition, multiplication, encryption (symmetric/asymmetric), decryption, and rotations (if applicable). These operations are tested between ciphertexts (ct, ct) and between ciphertext/plaintext (ct, pt). Where available, we also include in-place variants of these operations, e.g., a = a + b instead of c = a + b, which involves creating a new ciphertext c.

We report the time it takes to execute an operation, averaged over 100 repetitions, for the following tools/schemes:

• SEAL BFV
• SEAL CKKS
• PALISADE BFV/BGV^{[^1]}
• PALISADE CKKS
• PALISADE FHEW

[^1]: BGV only used for rotations as PALISADE's BFV implementation does not support rotations.