Add cross-platform Linux native package artifact for cask

[ghost]

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Summary

Adds a new package cask artifact that installs native Linux packages (deb, rpm, pacman, apk) using the appropriate system package manager for each distro. The artifact auto-detects the package format by file extension and queries the package manager for the real installed package name during uninstall.

Why

Homebrew on Linux currently supports app_image and binaries, but not native distribution packages. Many Linux apps are only distributed as .deb, .rpm, .pkg.tar.*, or .apk files. This artifact allows cask definitions to install those packages. It queries the package manager for the actual installed package name rather than parsing the filename, which is more reliable.

Testing

Tested on Fedora 44 with rpm install and uninstall of the rpmfusion-free-release package.

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