feat : rust arithmetic

README.md

@@ -1,2 +1,66 @@
-# Rust Sessions
-Intro to primitives
+# Computer Architecture: Stack and Heap Explained
+
+This is a simplified explanation of computer architecture, focusing on the **stack** and **heap** sections of memory.
+
+---
+
+## **Computer Architecture Basics**
+Computer architecture is like the blueprint of how a computer works. It includes the CPU (brain), memory (where data is stored), and other components that work together to run programs.
+
+Memory is divided into different sections, and two of the most important ones are the **stack** and the **heap**. These are used to store data while a program is running.
+
+---
+
+## **The Stack**
+- **What it is**: The stack is a section of memory that works like a stack of plates: **Last In, First Out (LIFO)**. This means the last thing you put on the stack is the first thing you take off.
+- **How it works**:
+  - When a function is called, its data (like local variables) is "pushed" onto the stack.
+  - When the function finishes, its data is "popped" off the stack.
+- **Why it's fast**: The stack is very organized and predictable, so the CPU can access it quickly.
+- **What it stores**:
+  - Local variables (e.g., `int x = 10;`).
+  - Function calls and their return addresses.
+- **Limitations**:
+  - The stack has a fixed size, so if you try to store too much data (e.g., with deep recursion), you get a **stack overflow** error.
+
+---
+
+## **The Heap**
+- **What it is**: The heap is a section of memory used for **dynamic memory allocation**. Unlike the stack, it doesn't follow a strict order, and you can allocate and free memory whenever you need.
+- **How it works**:
+  - When you need memory (e.g., for an array or object), you request it from the heap using functions like `malloc()` in C or `new` in C++/Java.
+  - You must manually free this memory when you're done (in some languages, like C/C++), or it will lead to **memory leaks**.
+- **Why it's flexible**: The heap can grow and shrink as needed, and you can allocate large amounts of memory.
+- **What it stores**:
+  - Dynamically created objects (e.g., `int* arr = new int[100];`).
+  - Data that needs to persist beyond the scope of a function.
+- **Limitations**:
+  - The heap is slower than the stack because it’s less organized.
+  - Managing memory manually can lead to errors like memory leaks or dangling pointers.
+
+---
+
+## **Stack vs. Heap: Key Differences**
+| **Feature**       | **Stack**                          | **Heap**                          |
+|--------------------|------------------------------------|-----------------------------------|
+| **Speed**          | Fast                              | Slower                           |
+| **Memory Management** | Automatic (handled by the system) | Manual (programmer must manage)  |
+| **Size**           | Fixed size                        | Flexible size                    |
+| **Lifetime**       | Short (tied to function scope)    | Long (persists until freed)      |
+| **Use Case**       | Local variables, function calls   | Dynamic data, large objects      |
+
+---
+
+## **Example in Code**
+```c
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+void function() {
+    int x = 10;
+    int* y = (int*)malloc(sizeof(int)); 
+    *y = 20;
+    free(y);
+}
+```
+
+![Alt Text](illustration.png)

fp.md

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+Difference between f32 and f64
+
+1. Size and Memory Usage
+
+f32 takes 4 bytes (32 bits) of memory, whereas f64 takes 8 bytes (64 bits).
+Because of the smaller size, f32 uses less memory, which can be useful in memory-constrained environments (e.g., embedded systems, GPUs).
+
+2. Precision
+
+f32 has 6–9 decimal digits of precision.
+This means that the smallest difference between two numbers that f32 can distinguish is on the order of 10⁻⁶ to 10⁻⁹, depending on the number's size.
+
+f64 has 15–17 decimal digits of precision.
+This provides more accurate representation of floating-point numbers with less rounding errors compared to f32. f64 is more suitable for scientific, financial, and high-precision calculations.
+
+3. Range
+
+f32 has a range of approximately ±3.4 × 10⁻³⁸ to ±3.4 × 10³⁸.
+f64 has a range of approximately ±1.7 × 10⁻³⁰ to ±1.7 × 10³⁰.
+
+The f64 type can represent much larger and much smaller numbers than f32, which is important in fields like astronomy, physics simulations, or high-precision calculations.

src/main.rs

@@ -1,24 +1,129 @@
+
 fn main() {
     intro_to_u();
+    intro_to_i();
+    intro_to_bool();
+    intro_to_string();
 }
 
-
-// function to encapsulate all integers
 fn intro_to_u() {
-    let sum_result: u8 = sum(5, 10);
-    println!("the sum result is: {}", sum_result);   
 
+    let sum_result_for_unsigned_integer: u8 = sum_for_unsigned_integer(5, 10);
+    let subtraction_result_for_unsigned_integer: u8 = subtraction_for_unsigned_integer(10, 5);
+    let multiplication_result_for_unsigned_integer: u8 = multiplication_for_unsigned_integer(5, 10);
+    let division_result_for_unsigned_integer: f32 = division_for_unsigned_integer(10.0, 3.0);
+
+    let u8int_to_u32int = convert_u8int_to_u32int(200);
+    let u32int_to_u8int = convert_u32int_to_u8int(100);
+
+    println!("The sum is (Unsigned Int): {}", sum_result_for_unsigned_integer);
+    println!("The difference is (Unsigned Int): {}", subtraction_result_for_unsigned_integer);
+    println!("The multiplication is (Unsigned Int): {}", multiplication_result_for_unsigned_integer);
+    println!("The division is (Unsigned Int): {}", division_result_for_unsigned_integer);
+
+    println!("u8 to u3 conversion: {}", u8int_to_u32int);
+    println!("u32 to u8 conversion: {}", u32int_to_u8int);
+
+}
+
+fn intro_to_i(){
+
+    let sum_result_for_signed_integer: i8 = sum_for_signed_integer(5, 10);
+    let subtraction_result_for_signed_integer: i8 = subtraction_for_signed_integer(10, 5);
+    let multiplication_result_for_signed_integer: i8 = multiplication_for_signed_integer(5, 10);
+    let division_result_for_signed_integer: i8 = division_for_signed_integer(10, 2);
+
+    println!("The sum is (Signed Int): {}", sum_result_for_signed_integer);
+    println!("The difference is (Signed Int): {}", subtraction_result_for_signed_integer);
+    println!("The multiplication is (Signed Int): {}", multiplication_result_for_signed_integer);
+    println!("The division is (Signed Int): {}", division_result_for_signed_integer);
+
+}
+
+fn intro_to_bool(){
+    let is_sum_even: bool = is_sum_even(10,5);
+    println!("Is Sum even?: {}", is_sum_even);
+}
+
+fn intro_to_string(){
+    let name: String = display_name("Jethro".to_string(), "Adamu".to_string());
+    let reg_number: String = String::from("HG-2025-001");
+    let reg_number_to_string: &str = convert_string_to_str(&reg_number);
+
+    println!("Your name is: {}", name);
+    println!("Registration number as String slice: {}", reg_number_to_string);
+}
+
+/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+/********** This Block handles arithmetic operations for unsigned integers *************/
+/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+fn sum_for_unsigned_integer(x:u8, y:u8) -> u8 {
+    x + y
+}
+
+fn subtraction_for_unsigned_integer(x:u8, y:u8) -> u8 {
+    x - y
+}
+
+fn multiplication_for_unsigned_integer(x:u8, y:u8) -> u8 {
+    x * y
+}
+
+fn division_for_unsigned_integer(x:f32, y:f32) -> f32 {
+    x / y
+}
+
+/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+/********** This Block handles arithmetic operations for signed integers *************/
+/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+fn sum_for_signed_integer(x:i8, y:i8) -> i8 {
+    x + y
+}
 
+fn subtraction_for_signed_integer(x:i8, y:i8) -> i8 {
+    x - y
 }
 
-fn sum(x: u8, y: u8) -> u8 {
-    x + y // implicit return
-//    return x + y; // explicit return
+fn multiplication_for_signed_integer(x:i8, y:i8) -> i8 {
+    x * y
 }
 
+fn division_for_signed_integer(x:i8, y:i8) -> i8 {
+    x / y
+}
+/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
-// subtract
-// multiplication
-// division
+fn is_sum_even(x:u8, y:u8) -> bool {
+    let check_result = sum_for_unsigned_integer(x, y);
+    if check_result % 2 == 0 {
+        return true;
+    } else {
+        return false;
+    }
+}
+
+fn display_name(first_name: String, last_name: String) -> String {
+    return format!("{} {}", first_name, last_name);
+}
 
+/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+/******************* This Block handles all conversion function ************************/
+/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+fn convert_u8int_to_u32int(u8int: u8) -> u32{
+    return u8int.into();
+}
+
+fn convert_u32int_to_u8int(u32int: u32) -> u8 {
+    return u32int.try_into().expect("The return value is out of range for u8");
+}
 
+fn convert_string_to_str(string_name: &String) -> &str {
+    return string_name.as_str();
+}