diff --git a/NEWS.md b/NEWS.md
index 648fa417..c7db769b 100644
--- a/NEWS.md
+++ b/NEWS.md
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 # openxlsx 4.2.8.1
 
 * Fix for upcoming `testthat` release (@hadley, [#530](https://github.com/ycphs/openxlsx/pull/530))
+* Add overwrite support to writeData() to clear stale cells when rewriting with a smaller data range ([#536](https://github.com/ycphs/openxlsx/pull/536))
 
 # openxlsx 4.2.8
 
diff --git a/R/writeData.R b/R/writeData.R
index 1ac1ab26..09822429 100644
--- a/R/writeData.R
+++ b/R/writeData.R
@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@
 #' @param na.string If not NULL, and if `keepNA` is `TRUE`, NA values are converted to this string in Excel.
 #' @param name If not NULL, a named region is defined.
 #' @param sep Only applies to list columns. The separator used to collapse list columns to a character vector e.g. sapply(x$list_column, paste, collapse = sep).
+#' @param overwrite If `TRUE`, remove all existing cell values from the entire target worksheet before writing `x` (not just the cells in the target write range).
 #' @seealso [writeDataTable()]
 #' @export writeData
 #' @details Formulae written using writeFormula to a Workbook object will not get picked up by read.xlsx().
@@ -176,7 +177,8 @@ writeData <- function(
   name         = NULL,
   sep          = ", ",
   col.names,
-  row.names
+  row.names,
+  overwrite    = FALSE
 ) {
 
   x <- force(x)
@@ -224,6 +226,7 @@ writeData <- function(
   assert_class(wb, "Workbook")
   assert_true_false(colNames)
   assert_true_false(rowNames)
+  assert_true_false(overwrite)
   assert_character1(sep)
   assert_class(headerStyle, "Style", or_null = TRUE)
 
@@ -305,6 +308,17 @@ writeData <- function(
     error_msg               = "Cannot overwrite table headers. Avoid writing over the header row or see getTables() & removeTables() to remove the table object."
   )
 
+  if (overwrite) {
+    sheet_data <- wb$worksheets[[sheetX]]$sheet_data
+    if (sheet_data$n_elements > 0) {
+      sheet_data$delete(
+        rows_in = sheet_data$rows,
+        cols_in = sheet_data$cols,
+        grid_expand = FALSE
+      )
+    }
+  }
+
   ## write autoFilter, can only have a single filter per worksheet
   if (withFilter) {
     coords <- data.frame(
diff --git a/man/writeData.Rd b/man/writeData.Rd
index be986f0d..7d552476 100644
--- a/man/writeData.Rd
+++ b/man/writeData.Rd
@@ -24,7 +24,8 @@ writeData(
   name = NULL,
   sep = ", ",
   col.names,
-  row.names
+  row.names,
+  overwrite = FALSE
 )
 }
 \arguments{
@@ -88,6 +89,8 @@ each column. If "\code{all}" all cell borders are drawn.}
 \item{sep}{Only applies to list columns. The separator used to collapse list columns to a character vector e.g. sapply(x$list_column, paste, collapse = sep).}
 
 \item{row.names, col.names}{Deprecated, please use \code{rowNames}, \code{colNames} instead}
+
+\item{overwrite}{If \code{TRUE}, remove all existing cell values from the entire target worksheet before writing \code{x} (not just the cells in the target write range).}
 }
 \value{
 invisible(0)
diff --git a/tests/testthat/test-writeData.R b/tests/testthat/test-writeData.R
index 43b3dadc..aa0a823d 100644
--- a/tests/testthat/test-writeData.R
+++ b/tests/testthat/test-writeData.R
@@ -67,3 +67,35 @@ test_that("as.character.formula() works [312]", {
   expect_identical(before, middle, ignore.environment = TRUE)
   expect_identical(before, end,    ignore.environment = TRUE)
 })
+
+
+test_that("writeData(overwrite = TRUE) works (#536)", {
+  wb <- createWorkbook()
+  addWorksheet(wb, "sheet")
+
+  old <- data.frame(a = 1:6, b = letters[1:6], stringsAsFactors = FALSE)
+  new <- old[1:4, , drop = FALSE]
+
+  writeData(wb, "sheet", old)
+  writeData(wb, "sheet", new)
+  out_no_overwrite <- readWorkbook(wb, "sheet")
+  expect_equal(nrow(out_no_overwrite), 6)
+
+  writeData(wb, "sheet", new, overwrite = TRUE)
+  out_overwrite <- readWorkbook(wb, "sheet")
+  expect_equal(out_overwrite, new)
+
+  wb2 <- createWorkbook()
+  addWorksheet(wb2, "sheet")
+  tab_df <- data.frame(x = 1:2)
+  writeDataTable(wb2, "sheet", tab_df)
+  before <- readWorkbook(wb2, "sheet")
+
+  expect_error(
+    writeData(wb2, "sheet", data.frame(y = 1), overwrite = TRUE),
+    "Cannot overwrite table headers"
+  )
+
+  after <- readWorkbook(wb2, "sheet")
+  expect_equal(after, before)
+})