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<a class="nav-entry-link" href="v-and-c.html">V and C</a>
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<div class="nav-entry">
<a class="nav-entry-link" href="v-and-c.html#calling-c-from-v"> Calling C from V</a>
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<a class="nav-entry-link" href="v-and-c.html#calling-v-from-c"> Calling V from C</a>
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<a class="nav-entry-link" href="v-and-c.html#passing-c-compilation-flags"> Passing C compilation flags</a>
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<a class="nav-entry-link" href="v-and-c.html##pkgconfig"> #pkgconfig</a>
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<div class="nav-entry">
<a class="nav-entry-link" href="v-and-c.html#including-c-code"> Including C code</a>
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<a class="nav-entry-link" href="v-and-c.html#c-types"> C types</a>
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<a class="nav-entry-link" href="v-and-c.html#c-declarations"> C Declarations</a>
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<a class="nav-entry-link" href="v-and-c.html#export-to-shared-library"> Export to shared library</a>
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<a class="nav-entry-link" href="v-and-c.html#translating-c-to-v"> Translating C to V</a>
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<a class="nav-entry-link" href="v-and-c.html#working-around-c-issues"> Working around C issues</a>
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<a class="nav-entry-link" href="other-v-features.html">Other V Features</a>
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<a class="nav-entry-link" href="other-v-features.html#inline-assembly"> Inline assembly</a>
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<a class="nav-entry-link" href="other-v-features.html#hot-code-reloading"> Hot code reloading</a>
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<a class="nav-entry-link" href="other-v-features.html#cross-platform-shell-scripts-in-v"> Cross-platform shell scripts in V</a>
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<a class="nav-entry-link" href="other-v-features.html#vsh-scripts-with-no-extension"> Vsh scripts with no extension</a>
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<a class="nav-entry-link" href="appendix-i-keywords.html">Appendix I: Keywords</a>
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<a class="nav-entry-link" href="appendix-ii-operators.html">Appendix II: Operators</a>
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<a class="nav-entry-link" href="other-online-resources.html">Other online resources</a>
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<a class="nav-entry-link" href="other-online-resources.html#v-contributing-guide"> V contributing guide</a>
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<a class="nav-entry-link" href="other-online-resources.html#v-language-documentation"> V language documentation</a>
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<a class="nav-entry-link" href="other-online-resources.html#v-standard-module-documentation"> V standard module documentation</a>
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<a class="nav-entry-link" href="other-online-resources.html#v-online-playground"> V online playground</a>
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<div class="nav-entry">
<a class="nav-entry-link" href="other-online-resources.html#awesome-v"> Awesome V</a>
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<div class="nav-entry">
<a class="nav-entry-link" href="other-online-resources.html#the-v-language-discord"> The V language Discord</a>
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<article>
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<main class="v-doc">
<h1 class="main">Package management</h1>
<p>A V <em>module</em> is a single folder with .v files inside. A V <em>package</em> can
contain one or more V modules. A V <em>package</em> should have a <code>v.mod</code> file
at its top folder, describing the contents of the package.</p>
<p>That <code>v.mod</code> file is also the package's relative module anchor. When V
compiles a file beside or below it, imports are resolved relative to the
folder containing <code>v.mod</code>.</p>
<p>V packages are installed normally in your <code>~/.vmodules</code> folder. That
location can be overridden by setting the env variable <code>VMODULES</code>.</p>
<h2 id="package-names-and-import-paths">Package names and import paths <a href="package-management.html#package-names-and-import-paths" class="header-anchor" aria-hidden="true">#</a></h2>
<p>A package name can contain characters that are not valid in a V import
path, for example <code>-</code> or uppercase letters. Such names are normalized
when the package is installed: <code>-</code> becomes <code>_</code> and the name is
lowercased. A package named <code>my-mod</code> is therefore installed as
<code>~/.vmodules/my_mod</code> and imported with <code>import my_mod</code>. The same applies
to the publisher part of a VPM package name, so <code>Some-Publisher.repo</code> is
installed as <code>~/.vmodules/some_publisher/repo</code> and imported with
<code>import some_publisher.repo</code>.</p>
<p><code>v install</code> prints a warning with the resulting import prefix whenever it
has to normalize a name. A package may contain only nested modules, so append
the nested module path when needed (for example, <code>import my_mod.json</code>). If you
publish a package, prefer a <code>name</code> in <code>v.mod</code> that is already a valid import
path.</p>
<h2 id="package-commands">Package commands <a href="package-management.html#package-commands" class="header-anchor" aria-hidden="true">#</a></h2>
<p>You can use the V frontend to do package operations, just like you can
use it for compiling code, formatting code, vetting code etc.</p>
<pre><code class="language-powershell">v [package_command] [param]
</code></pre>
<p>where a package command can be one of:</p>
<pre><code> install Install a package from VPM.
remove Remove a package that was installed from VPM.
search Search for a package from VPM.
update Update an installed package from VPM.
upgrade Upgrade all the outdated packages.
list List all installed packages.
outdated Show installed packages that need updates.
</code></pre>
<p>You can install packages already created by someone else with <a href="https://vpm.vlang.io/">VPM</a>:</p>
<pre><code class="language-powershell">v install [package]
</code></pre>
<p><strong>Example:</strong></p>
<pre><code class="language-powershell">v install ui
</code></pre>
<p>Packages can be installed directly from git or mercurial repositories.</p>
<pre><code class="language-powershell">v install [--once] [--git|--hg] [url]
</code></pre>
<p><strong>Example:</strong></p>
<pre><code class="language-powershell">v install --git https://github.com/vlang/markdown
</code></pre>
<p>Sometimes you may want to install the dependencies <strong>ONLY</strong> if those are not installed:</p>
<pre><code>v install --once [package]
</code></pre>
<p>Removing a package with v:</p>
<pre><code class="language-powershell">v remove [package]
</code></pre>
<p><strong>Example:</strong></p>
<pre><code class="language-powershell">v remove ui
</code></pre>
<p>Updating an installed package from <a href="https://vpm.vlang.io/">VPM</a>:</p>
<pre><code class="language-powershell">v update [package]
</code></pre>
<p><strong>Example:</strong></p>
<pre><code class="language-powershell">v update ui
</code></pre>
<p>Or you can update all your packages:</p>
<pre><code class="language-powershell">v update
</code></pre>
<p>To see all the packages you have installed, you can use:</p>
<pre><code class="language-powershell">v list
</code></pre>
<p><strong>Example:</strong></p>
<pre><code class="language-powershell">> v list
Installed packages:
markdown
ui
</code></pre>
<p>To see all the packages that need updates:</p>
<pre><code class="language-powershell">v outdated
</code></pre>
<p><strong>Example:</strong></p>
<pre><code class="language-powershell">> v outdated
Package are up to date.
</code></pre>
<h2 id="publish-package">Publish package <a href="package-management.html#publish-package" class="header-anchor" aria-hidden="true">#</a></h2>
<ol>
<li><p>Put a <code>v.mod</code> file inside the toplevel folder of your package (if you
created your package with the command <code>v new mypackage</code> or <code>v init</code>
you already have a <code>v.mod</code> file).</p>
<pre><code class="language-sh">v new mypackage
Input your project description: My nice package.
Input your project version: (0.0.0) 0.0.1
Input your project license: (MIT)
Initialising ...
Complete!
</code></pre>
<p>The prompts above appear only when running in a terminal; with a non-terminal
stdin the defaults are used instead (see <a href="getting-started.html">Getting started</a>).</p>
<p>Example <code>v.mod</code>:</p>
<div class="language-v">Module {
name: 'mypackage'
base_url: 'src'
description: 'My nice package.'
version: '0.0.1'
license: 'MIT'
dependencies: []
}
</div>
<p><code>base_url</code> is optional. When set, V resolves the package sources relative to
that folder, next to the <code>v.mod</code> file.</p>
<p>Minimal file structure:</p>
<pre><code>v.mod