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1a 1b improvements
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README.md

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| Number | Description | Best lower bound | Best upper bound |
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| ------ | ----------- | ---------------- | ---------------- |
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| [1a](https://teorth.github.io/optimizationproblems/constants/1a.html) | Sidon set autocorrelation constant | 1.2802 | 1.5029 |
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| [1b](https://teorth.github.io/optimizationproblems/constants/1b.html) | Erdős minimum overlap constant | 0.379005 | 0.380876 |
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| [1a](https://teorth.github.io/optimizationproblems/constants/1a.html) | Sidon set autocorrelation constant | 1.2802 | 1.502862 |
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| [1b](https://teorth.github.io/optimizationproblems/constants/1b.html) | Erdős minimum overlap constant | 0.379005 | 0.380868 |
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| [2](https://teorth.github.io/optimizationproblems/constants/2a.html) | Crouzeix constant | 2 | $1+\sqrt{2} \approx 2.4142$ |
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| [3a](https://teorth.github.io/optimizationproblems/constants/3a.html) | Gyamarti-Hennecart-Ruzsa sum-difference constant | 1.173077 | 1.33333 |
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| [3b](https://teorth.github.io/optimizationproblems/constants/3b.html) | Kakeya sums-differences constant | >1.77898 | 1.83333 |
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- [31](https://teorth.github.io/optimizationproblems/constants/31a.html) **improved lower bound (unverified):** $C_{31} \geq 0.79970*$ by [Archivara](https://archivara.org/paper/1a5c6a48-a106-40e4-a5f0-97833f3a25a7), 4 Mar 2026.
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- [10a](https://teorth.github.io/optimizationproblems/constants/10a.html) **improved lower bound:** $C_{10} \geq 1.67696 + 10^{-12}$ by [Chris Jones and Giulio Malavolta](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2603.30039), 31 Mar 2026.
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- [48](https://teorth.github.io/optimizationproblems/constants/48a.html) **solved:** $C_{48} = c_\star^2 \approx 5.33386$ by [Damek Davis and Sam Power](https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.03170), 3 Apr 2026.
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- [1a](https://teorth.github.io/optimizationproblems/constants/1a.html), [1b](https://teorth.github.io/optimizationproblems/constants/1b.html) **improved upper bounds:** $C_{1a} \leq 1.503871$ and $C_{1b} \leq 0.380868$ by [YLTLYSTYLLGDHZSWZSHMELCZX2026](https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.19341), 21 Apr 2026.
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## Maintainers

constants/1a.md

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| $1.5053$ | [GGSWT2025] | May 2025 announcement, AlphaEvolve
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| $1.503164$ | [GGSWT2025] | Dec 2025 preprint release, AlphaEvolve
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| $1.503133$ | [WSZXRYHHMPCHCWDS2025] | ThetaEvolve
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| $1.5029$ | [YKLBMWKCZGS2026] | TTT-Discover
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| $1.503871$ | [YLTLYSTYLLGDHZSWZSHMELCZX2026] | SimpleTES |
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| $1.502870$ | [YKLBMWKCZGS2026] | TTT-Discover
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| $1.502862$ | [T2026] | TogetherAI
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## Known lower bounds
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- [WSZXRYHHMPCHCWDS2025] Wang, Yiping; Su, Shao-Rong; Zeng, Zhiyuan; Xu, Eva; Ren, Liliang; Yang, Xinyu; Huang, Zeyi; He, Pengcheng; Cheng, Hao; Chen, Weizhu; Wang, Shuohang; Du, Simon Shaolei; Shen, Yelong. ThetaEvolve: Test-time Learning on Open Problems. [arXiv:2511.23473](https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.23473)
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- [XX2026] Xie, Xinyuan. Unpublished improvement to the lower bound for $C_{1a}$ (claiming $C_{1a} \ge 1.2802$). 2026. See [Grok chat](https://grok.com/share/c2hhcmQtNQ_f4d17f80-4582-4679-b931-06277fd4cfd4?rid=a60436ae-eaba-4638-a0fd-47b231f19cd0).
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- [YKLBMWKCZGS2026] Yuksekgonul, Mert; Koceja, Daniel; Li, Xinhao; Bianchi, Federico; McCaleb, Jed; Wang, Xiaolong; Kautz, Jan; Choi, Yejin; Zou, James; Guestrin, Carlos; Sun, Yu. [Learning to Discover at Test Time](https://test-time-training.github.io/discover.pdf), 2026.
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- [T2026] Together AI. Einsteinarena-new-sota: State-of-the-art results on open math problems, 2026. URL https://github.com/togethercomputer/EinsteinArena-new-SOTA.
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- [YLTLYSTYLLGDHZSWZSHMELCZX2026] Haotian Ye, Haowei Lin, Jingyi Tang, Yizhen Luo, Caiyin Yang, Chang Su, Rahul Thapa, Rui Yang, Ruihua Liu, Zeyu Li, Chong Gao, Dachao Ding, Guangrong He, Miaolei Zhang, Lina Sun, Wenyang Wang, Yuchen Zhong, Zhuohao Shen, Di He, Jianzhu Ma, Stefano Ermon, Tongyang Li, Xiaowen Chu, James Zou, Yuzhi Xu, Evaluation-driven Scaling for Scientific Discovery, https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.19341

constants/1b.md

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| $0.380927$ | [H2016] | |
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| $0.380924$ | [GGSWT2025] | AlphaEvolve |
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| $0.380876$ | [YKLBMWKCZGS2026] | TTT-Discover |
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| $0.380871$ | [T2026] | TogetherAI |
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| $0.380868$ | [YLTLYSTYLLGDHZSWZSHMELCZX2026] | SimpleTES |
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## Known lower bounds
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- [MRS1956] Motzkin, T. S.; Ralston, K. E.; Selfridge, J. L., Minimal overlap under translation. Abstract Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. 62, 558 (1956).
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- [S1958] Swierczkowski, S., On the intersection of a linear set with the translation of its complement. Colloq. Math. 5 (1958), 185-197.
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- [W2022] White, E. P., Erdős' minimum overlap problem. [arXiv:2201.05704](https://arxiv.org/abs/2201.05704) (2022).
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- [YKLBMWKCZGS2026] Yuksekgonul, Mert; Koceja, Daniel; Li, Xinhao; Bianchi, Federico; McCaleb, Jed; Wang, Xiaolong; Kautz, Jan; Choi, Yejin; Zou, James; Guestrin, Carlos; Sun, Yu. [Learning to Discover at Test Time](https://test-time-training.github.io/discover.pdf), 2026.
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- [YKLBMWKCZGS2026] Yuksekgonul, Mert; Koceja, Daniel; Li, Xinhao; Bianchi, Federico; McCaleb, Jed; Wang, Xiaolong; Kautz, Jan; Choi, Yejin; Zou, James; Guestrin, Carlos; Sun, Yu. [Learning to Discover at Test Time](https://test-time-training.github.io/discover.pdf), 2026.
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- [T2026] Together AI. Einsteinarena-new-sota: State-of-the-art results on open math problems, 2026. URL https://github.com/togethercomputer/EinsteinArena-new-SOTA.
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- [YLTLYSTYLLGDHZSWZSHMELCZX2026] Haotian Ye, Haowei Lin, Jingyi Tang, Yizhen Luo, Caiyin Yang, Chang Su, Rahul Thapa, Rui Yang, Ruihua Liu, Zeyu Li, Chong Gao, Dachao Ding, Guangrong He, Miaolei Zhang, Lina Sun, Wenyang Wang, Yuchen Zhong, Zhuohao Shen, Di He, Jianzhu Ma, Stefano Ermon, Tongyang Li, Xiaowen Chu, James Zou, Yuzhi Xu, Evaluation-driven Scaling for Scientific Discovery, https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.19341

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