diff --git a/Sources/ODP/OdpEventManager.swift b/Sources/ODP/OdpEventManager.swift
index d136c6ea..e0df2289 100644
--- a/Sources/ODP/OdpEventManager.swift
+++ b/Sources/ODP/OdpEventManager.swift
@@ -65,13 +65,20 @@ open class OdpEventManager {
     
     func identifyUser(vuid: String?, userId: String?) {
         var identifiers = [String: String]()
-        if let _vuid = vuid {
-            identifiers[Constants.ODP.keyForVuid] = _vuid
+        if let vuid = vuid, !vuid.isEmpty {
+            identifiers[Constants.ODP.keyForVuid] = vuid
         }
-        if let userId = userId {
+        if let userId = userId, !userId.isEmpty {
             identifiers[Constants.ODP.keyForUserId] = userId
         }
-        
+
+        // Identify requires 2+ identifiers to link (e.g., vuid + fs_user_id).
+        // A single identifier has no cross-reference value and generates unnecessary traffic.
+        guard identifiers.count >= 2 else {
+            logger.d("ODP identify event is not dispatched (fewer than 2 valid identifiers).")
+            return
+        }
+
         sendEvent(type: Constants.ODP.eventType,
                   action: "identified",
                   identifiers: identifiers,
diff --git a/Tests/OptimizelyTests-Common/OdpEventManagerTests.swift b/Tests/OptimizelyTests-Common/OdpEventManagerTests.swift
index 2f989378..14b85873 100644
--- a/Tests/OptimizelyTests-Common/OdpEventManagerTests.swift
+++ b/Tests/OptimizelyTests-Common/OdpEventManagerTests.swift
@@ -119,15 +119,11 @@ class OdpEventManagerTests: XCTestCase {
         validateData(evt.data, customData: [:])
     }
     
-    func testIdentifyUser_noApiKey_nilUserId() {
+    func testIdentifyUser_noApiKey_nilUserId_singleIdentifier() {
         manager.identifyUser(vuid: "v1", userId: nil)
-        
-        XCTAssertEqual(1, manager.eventQueue.count)
-        let evt = manager.eventQueue.getFirstItem()!
-        XCTAssertEqual("fullstack", evt.type)
-        XCTAssertEqual("identified", evt.action)
-        XCTAssertEqual(["vuid": "v1"], evt.identifiers)
-        validateData(evt.data, customData: [:])
+
+        // single identifier should be skipped (not queued)
+        XCTAssertEqual(0, manager.eventQueue.count)
     }
     
     func testSendEvent_apiKey() {