Update base images and dependencies to address vulnerabilities

[prad9192]

What

Updates Alpine base images and related dependencies

Why

To fix multiple security vulnerabilities

Release Notes

Update Prow base images to Alpine 20250108 and latest cloud auth tools to address security vulnerabilities

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[k8s-ci-robot]

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[prad9192]

/ok-to-test

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[BenTheElder]

Prow isn't built here anymore, I'm not sure if we should just be deleting these images now.

If your goal is to patch prow, this may not be the solution. see sigs.k8s.io/prow

cc @petr-muller

[prad9192]

Hi @BenTheElder

Thanks for your review, I see that Prow depends on base images which are sourced from this repo.

PR updates the source Dockerfiles that build k8s-staging-test-infra/* images, which are still built and pushed through the post submit jobs here - https://github.com/kubernetes/test-infra/blob/master/config/jobs/image-pushing/k8s-staging-test-infra.yaml

And having these updated images would allow me to open a follow up PR to make updates to base images referenced in prow

[upodroid]

/hold

We should merge #35799 and create an autobumper config in the prow repo to pick up the new images automaticall.y