From 4bbd9382f803842098490607827c204fc9ac9da2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: ugeunpark <pwg2004@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 20 Nov 2025 19:53:32 +0900
Subject: [PATCH 1/6] Add ldexp initial version

---
 keras/api/_tf_keras/keras/ops/__init__.py     |  1 +
 .../api/_tf_keras/keras/ops/numpy/__init__.py |  1 +
 keras/api/ops/__init__.py                     |  1 +
 keras/api/ops/numpy/__init__.py               |  1 +
 keras/src/backend/jax/numpy.py                |  6 +++
 keras/src/backend/numpy/numpy.py              |  7 +++
 keras/src/backend/tensorflow/numpy.py         |  9 ++++
 keras/src/backend/torch/numpy.py              |  6 +++
 keras/src/ops/numpy.py                        | 47 +++++++++++++++++++
 9 files changed, 79 insertions(+)

diff --git a/keras/api/_tf_keras/keras/ops/__init__.py b/keras/api/_tf_keras/keras/ops/__init__.py
index e22715971d62..01e7d9f806b3 100644
--- a/keras/api/_tf_keras/keras/ops/__init__.py
+++ b/keras/api/_tf_keras/keras/ops/__init__.py
@@ -215,6 +215,7 @@
 from keras.src.ops.numpy import kaiser as kaiser
 from keras.src.ops.numpy import kron as kron
 from keras.src.ops.numpy import lcm as lcm
+from keras.src.ops.numpy import ldexp as ldexp
 from keras.src.ops.numpy import left_shift as left_shift
 from keras.src.ops.numpy import less as less
 from keras.src.ops.numpy import less_equal as less_equal
diff --git a/keras/api/_tf_keras/keras/ops/numpy/__init__.py b/keras/api/_tf_keras/keras/ops/numpy/__init__.py
index 82b6b6dff363..ad912016ee44 100644
--- a/keras/api/_tf_keras/keras/ops/numpy/__init__.py
+++ b/keras/api/_tf_keras/keras/ops/numpy/__init__.py
@@ -101,6 +101,7 @@
 from keras.src.ops.numpy import kaiser as kaiser
 from keras.src.ops.numpy import kron as kron
 from keras.src.ops.numpy import lcm as lcm
+from keras.src.ops.numpy import ldexp as ldexp
 from keras.src.ops.numpy import left_shift as left_shift
 from keras.src.ops.numpy import less as less
 from keras.src.ops.numpy import less_equal as less_equal
diff --git a/keras/api/ops/__init__.py b/keras/api/ops/__init__.py
index e22715971d62..01e7d9f806b3 100644
--- a/keras/api/ops/__init__.py
+++ b/keras/api/ops/__init__.py
@@ -215,6 +215,7 @@
 from keras.src.ops.numpy import kaiser as kaiser
 from keras.src.ops.numpy import kron as kron
 from keras.src.ops.numpy import lcm as lcm
+from keras.src.ops.numpy import ldexp as ldexp
 from keras.src.ops.numpy import left_shift as left_shift
 from keras.src.ops.numpy import less as less
 from keras.src.ops.numpy import less_equal as less_equal
diff --git a/keras/api/ops/numpy/__init__.py b/keras/api/ops/numpy/__init__.py
index 82b6b6dff363..ad912016ee44 100644
--- a/keras/api/ops/numpy/__init__.py
+++ b/keras/api/ops/numpy/__init__.py
@@ -101,6 +101,7 @@
 from keras.src.ops.numpy import kaiser as kaiser
 from keras.src.ops.numpy import kron as kron
 from keras.src.ops.numpy import lcm as lcm
+from keras.src.ops.numpy import ldexp as ldexp
 from keras.src.ops.numpy import left_shift as left_shift
 from keras.src.ops.numpy import less as less
 from keras.src.ops.numpy import less_equal as less_equal
diff --git a/keras/src/backend/jax/numpy.py b/keras/src/backend/jax/numpy.py
index 15df1b7696f6..445b13559b30 100644
--- a/keras/src/backend/jax/numpy.py
+++ b/keras/src/backend/jax/numpy.py
@@ -845,6 +845,12 @@ def lcm(x1, x2):
     return jnp.lcm(x1, x2)
 
 
+def ldexp(x1, x2):
+    x1 = convert_to_tensor(x1)
+    x2 = convert_to_tensor(x2)
+    return jnp.ldexp(x1, x2)
+
+
 def less(x1, x2):
     x1 = convert_to_tensor(x1)
     x2 = convert_to_tensor(x2)
diff --git a/keras/src/backend/numpy/numpy.py b/keras/src/backend/numpy/numpy.py
index eb8b7111ed8f..fc06f83704ce 100644
--- a/keras/src/backend/numpy/numpy.py
+++ b/keras/src/backend/numpy/numpy.py
@@ -773,6 +773,13 @@ def lcm(x1, x2):
     return np.lcm(x1, x2).astype(dtype)
 
 
+def ldexp(x1, x2):
+    x1 = convert_to_tensor(x1)
+    x2 = convert_to_tensor(x2)
+    dtype = dtypes.result_type(x1.dtype, x2.dtype)
+    return np.ldexp(x1, x2).astype(dtype)
+
+
 def less(x1, x2):
     return np.less(x1, x2)
 
diff --git a/keras/src/backend/tensorflow/numpy.py b/keras/src/backend/tensorflow/numpy.py
index c1f4e8066e37..37b35cfcb2d2 100644
--- a/keras/src/backend/tensorflow/numpy.py
+++ b/keras/src/backend/tensorflow/numpy.py
@@ -1844,6 +1844,15 @@ def lcm(x1, x2):
     return result
 
 
+def ldexp(x1, x2):
+    x1 = convert_to_tensor(x1)
+    x2 = convert_to_tensor(x2)
+    dtype = dtypes.result_type(x1.dtype, x2.dtype)
+    x1 = tf.cast(x1, tf.float32)
+    x2 = tf.cast(x2, tf.float32)
+    return tf.cast(x1 * tf.pow(2.0, x2), dtype)
+
+
 def less(x1, x2):
     x1 = convert_to_tensor(x1)
     x2 = convert_to_tensor(x2)
diff --git a/keras/src/backend/torch/numpy.py b/keras/src/backend/torch/numpy.py
index bd2a5cea2ac1..c53a387278d9 100644
--- a/keras/src/backend/torch/numpy.py
+++ b/keras/src/backend/torch/numpy.py
@@ -975,6 +975,12 @@ def lcm(x1, x2):
     return torch.lcm(x1, x2)
 
 
+def ldexp(x1, x2):
+    x1 = convert_to_tensor(x1)
+    x2 = convert_to_tensor(x2)
+    return torch.ldexp(x1, x2)
+
+
 def less(x1, x2):
     x1, x2 = convert_to_tensor(x1), convert_to_tensor(x2)
     return torch.less(x1, x2)
diff --git a/keras/src/ops/numpy.py b/keras/src/ops/numpy.py
index 5190ff2cd807..37c7c54ce535 100644
--- a/keras/src/ops/numpy.py
+++ b/keras/src/ops/numpy.py
@@ -4059,6 +4059,53 @@ def lcm(x1, x2):
     return backend.numpy.lcm(x1, x2)
 
 
+class Ldexp(Operation):
+    def call(self, x1, x2):
+        return backend.numpy.ldexp(x1, x2)
+
+    def compute_output_spec(self, x1, x2):
+        x1_shape = getattr(x1, "shape", [])
+        x2_shape = getattr(x2, "shape", [])
+        output_shape = broadcast_shapes(x1_shape, x2_shape)
+
+        x1_type = backend.standardize_dtype(getattr(x1, "dtype", type(x1)))
+        x2_type = backend.standardize_dtype(getattr(x2, "dtype", type(x2)))
+        dtype = dtypes.result_type(x1_type, x2_type)
+        return KerasTensor(output_shape, dtype=dtype)
+
+
+@keras_export(["keras.ops.ldexp", "keras.ops.numpy.ldexp"])
+def ldexp(x1, x2):
+    """Multiply `x1` by 2 raised to the power of `x2`, element-wise.
+
+    This function computes:
+        ldexp(x1, x2) = x1 * 2**x2
+
+    Notes:
+    - TensorFlow does *not* provide a built-in `tf.math.ldexp`.
+    - The `backend.numpy.ldexp` implementation in TF NumPy is currently
+      unreliable due to a naming-collision bug and should not be used.
+    - This implementation provides correct broadcasting, dtype inference,
+      and gradient support.
+
+    Args:
+        x1: Floating-point input tensor.
+        x2: Integer or floating-point exponent tensor.
+
+    Returns:
+        Output tensor, element-wise equal to `x1 * 2**x2`.
+
+    Example:
+    >>> x1 = keras.ops.convert_to_tensor([0.75, 1.5])
+    >>> x2 = keras.ops.convert_to_tensor([1, 2])
+    >>> keras.ops.ldexp(x1, x2)
+    array([1.5, 6. ], dtype=float32)
+    """
+    if any_symbolic_tensors((x1, x2)):
+        return Ldexp().symbolic_call(x1, x2)
+    return backend.numpy.ldexp(x1, x2)
+
+
 class Less(Operation):
     def call(self, x1, x2):
         return backend.numpy.less(x1, x2)

From e682f7ccf351b55ebb445b461ef70f044e90b72f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: ugeunpark <pwg2004@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 20 Nov 2025 21:17:38 +0900
Subject: [PATCH 2/6] Add numpy_test for ldexp

---
 keras/src/backend/jax/numpy.py                |  7 ++++
 keras/src/backend/numpy/numpy.py              | 11 ++++-
 .../openvino/excluded_concrete_tests.txt      |  4 ++
 keras/src/backend/openvino/numpy.py           |  4 ++
 keras/src/backend/tensorflow/numpy.py         |  9 +++-
 keras/src/backend/torch/numpy.py              | 10 ++++-
 keras/src/ops/numpy.py                        | 15 ++-----
 keras/src/ops/numpy_test.py                   | 41 +++++++++++++++++++
 8 files changed, 87 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-)

diff --git a/keras/src/backend/jax/numpy.py b/keras/src/backend/jax/numpy.py
index 445b13559b30..24eea3b402a7 100644
--- a/keras/src/backend/jax/numpy.py
+++ b/keras/src/backend/jax/numpy.py
@@ -848,6 +848,13 @@ def lcm(x1, x2):
 def ldexp(x1, x2):
     x1 = convert_to_tensor(x1)
     x2 = convert_to_tensor(x2)
+
+    if standardize_dtype(x2.dtype) not in dtypes.INT_TYPES:
+        raise TypeError(
+            f"ldexp exponent must be an integer type. "
+            f"Received: x2 dtype={x2.dtype}"
+        )
+
     return jnp.ldexp(x1, x2)
 
 
diff --git a/keras/src/backend/numpy/numpy.py b/keras/src/backend/numpy/numpy.py
index fc06f83704ce..1525743fed1b 100644
--- a/keras/src/backend/numpy/numpy.py
+++ b/keras/src/backend/numpy/numpy.py
@@ -776,7 +776,16 @@ def lcm(x1, x2):
 def ldexp(x1, x2):
     x1 = convert_to_tensor(x1)
     x2 = convert_to_tensor(x2)
-    dtype = dtypes.result_type(x1.dtype, x2.dtype)
+    dtype = dtypes.result_type(x1.dtype, x2.dtype, float)
+
+    if standardize_dtype(x2.dtype) not in dtypes.INT_TYPES:
+        raise TypeError(
+            f"ldexp exponent must be an integer type. "
+            f"Received: x2 dtype={x2.dtype}"
+        )
+
+    x1 = np.asarray(x1).astype(np.float32)
+    x2 = np.asarray(x2).astype(np.int32)
     return np.ldexp(x1, x2).astype(dtype)
 
 
diff --git a/keras/src/backend/openvino/excluded_concrete_tests.txt b/keras/src/backend/openvino/excluded_concrete_tests.txt
index 7c5d295a44da..b26482a13ba2 100644
--- a/keras/src/backend/openvino/excluded_concrete_tests.txt
+++ b/keras/src/backend/openvino/excluded_concrete_tests.txt
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ NumpyDtypeTest::test_isin
 NumpyDtypeTest::test_isreal
 NumpyDtypeTest::test_kron
 NumpyDtypeTest::test_lcm
+NumpyDtypeTest::test_ldexp
 NumpyDtypeTest::test_logaddexp2
 NumpyDtypeTest::test_matmul_
 NumpyDtypeTest::test_maximum_python_types
@@ -108,6 +109,7 @@ NumpyTwoInputOpsCorrectnessTest::test_inner
 NumpyTwoInputOpsCorrectnessTest::test_isin
 NumpyTwoInputOpsCorrectnessTest::test_kron
 NumpyTwoInputOpsCorrectnessTest::test_lcm
+NumpyTwoInputOpsCorrectnessTest::test_ldexp
 NumpyTwoInputOpsCorrectnessTest::test_quantile
 NumpyTwoInputOpsCorrectnessTest::test_tensordot
 NumpyTwoInputOpsCorrectnessTest::test_vdot
@@ -131,11 +133,13 @@ NumpyTwoInputOpsDynamicShapeTest::test_hypot
 NumpyTwoInputOpsDynamicShapeTest::test_isin
 NumpyTwoInputOpsDynamicShapeTest::test_kron
 NumpyTwoInputOpsDynamicShapeTest::test_lcm
+NumpyTwoInputOpsDynamicShapeTest::test_ldexp
 NumpyTwoInputOpsStaticShapeTest::test_gcd
 NumpyTwoInputOpsStaticShapeTest::test_hypot
 NumpyTwoInputOpsStaticShapeTest::test_isin
 NumpyTwoInputOpsStaticShapeTest::test_kron
 NumpyTwoInputOpsStaticShapeTest::test_lcm
+NumpyTwoInputOpsStaticShapeTest::test_ldexp
 CoreOpsBehaviorTests::test_associative_scan_invalid_arguments
 CoreOpsBehaviorTests::test_scan_invalid_arguments
 CoreOpsCallsTests::test_associative_scan_basic_call
diff --git a/keras/src/backend/openvino/numpy.py b/keras/src/backend/openvino/numpy.py
index 445ddb7b1fd4..5e73bb3c840a 100644
--- a/keras/src/backend/openvino/numpy.py
+++ b/keras/src/backend/openvino/numpy.py
@@ -1149,6 +1149,10 @@ def lcm(x1, x2):
     raise NotImplementedError("`lcm` is not supported with openvino backend")
 
 
+def ldexp(x1, x2):
+    raise NotImplementedError("`ldexp` is not supported with openvino backend")
+
+
 def less(x1, x2):
     element_type = None
     if isinstance(x1, OpenVINOKerasTensor):
diff --git a/keras/src/backend/tensorflow/numpy.py b/keras/src/backend/tensorflow/numpy.py
index 37b35cfcb2d2..d166b3b30f03 100644
--- a/keras/src/backend/tensorflow/numpy.py
+++ b/keras/src/backend/tensorflow/numpy.py
@@ -1847,7 +1847,14 @@ def lcm(x1, x2):
 def ldexp(x1, x2):
     x1 = convert_to_tensor(x1)
     x2 = convert_to_tensor(x2)
-    dtype = dtypes.result_type(x1.dtype, x2.dtype)
+    dtype = dtypes.result_type(x1.dtype, x2.dtype, float)
+
+    if standardize_dtype(x2.dtype) not in dtypes.INT_TYPES:
+        raise TypeError(
+            f"ldexp exponent must be an integer type. "
+            f"Received: x2 dtype={x2.dtype}"
+        )
+
     x1 = tf.cast(x1, tf.float32)
     x2 = tf.cast(x2, tf.float32)
     return tf.cast(x1 * tf.pow(2.0, x2), dtype)
diff --git a/keras/src/backend/torch/numpy.py b/keras/src/backend/torch/numpy.py
index c53a387278d9..feb1ac181dbe 100644
--- a/keras/src/backend/torch/numpy.py
+++ b/keras/src/backend/torch/numpy.py
@@ -978,7 +978,15 @@ def lcm(x1, x2):
 def ldexp(x1, x2):
     x1 = convert_to_tensor(x1)
     x2 = convert_to_tensor(x2)
-    return torch.ldexp(x1, x2)
+    dtype = dtypes.result_type(x1.dtype, x2.dtype, float)
+
+    if standardize_dtype(x2.dtype) not in dtypes.INT_TYPES:
+        raise TypeError(
+            f"ldexp exponent must be an integer type. "
+            f"Received: x2 dtype={x2.dtype}"
+        )
+
+    return cast(torch.ldexp(x1, x2), dtype)
 
 
 def less(x1, x2):
diff --git a/keras/src/ops/numpy.py b/keras/src/ops/numpy.py
index 37c7c54ce535..2231fee3dd4b 100644
--- a/keras/src/ops/numpy.py
+++ b/keras/src/ops/numpy.py
@@ -4070,7 +4070,7 @@ def compute_output_spec(self, x1, x2):
 
         x1_type = backend.standardize_dtype(getattr(x1, "dtype", type(x1)))
         x2_type = backend.standardize_dtype(getattr(x2, "dtype", type(x2)))
-        dtype = dtypes.result_type(x1_type, x2_type)
+        dtype = dtypes.result_type(x1_type, x2_type, float)
         return KerasTensor(output_shape, dtype=dtype)
 
 
@@ -4081,19 +4081,12 @@ def ldexp(x1, x2):
     This function computes:
         ldexp(x1, x2) = x1 * 2**x2
 
-    Notes:
-    - TensorFlow does *not* provide a built-in `tf.math.ldexp`.
-    - The `backend.numpy.ldexp` implementation in TF NumPy is currently
-      unreliable due to a naming-collision bug and should not be used.
-    - This implementation provides correct broadcasting, dtype inference,
-      and gradient support.
-
     Args:
-        x1: Floating-point input tensor.
-        x2: Integer or floating-point exponent tensor.
+        x1: Float input tensor.
+        x2: Integer exponent tensor.
 
     Returns:
-        Output tensor, element-wise equal to `x1 * 2**x2`.
+        Output tensor
 
     Example:
     >>> x1 = keras.ops.convert_to_tensor([0.75, 1.5])
diff --git a/keras/src/ops/numpy_test.py b/keras/src/ops/numpy_test.py
index 42a8c37b49e3..0bc35c36c9a4 100644
--- a/keras/src/ops/numpy_test.py
+++ b/keras/src/ops/numpy_test.py
@@ -254,6 +254,11 @@ def test_lcm(self):
         y = KerasTensor((2, None))
         self.assertEqual(knp.lcm(x, y).shape, (2, 3))
 
+    def test_ldexp(self):
+        x = KerasTensor((None, 3))
+        y = KerasTensor((1, 3))
+        self.assertEqual(knp.ldexp(x, y).shape, (None, 3))
+
     def test_less(self):
         x = KerasTensor((None, 3))
         y = KerasTensor((2, None))
@@ -837,6 +842,15 @@ def test_lcm(self):
         y = KerasTensor((2, 3))
         self.assertEqual(knp.lcm(x, y).shape, (2, 3))
 
+    def test_ldexp(self):
+        x = KerasTensor((2, 3))
+        y = KerasTensor((2, 3))
+        self.assertEqual(knp.ldexp(x, y).shape, (2, 3))
+
+        x = KerasTensor((2, 3))
+        y = KerasTensor((1, 3))
+        self.assertEqual(knp.ldexp(x, y).shape, (2, 3))
+
     def test_less(self):
         x = KerasTensor((2, 3))
         y = KerasTensor((2, 3))
@@ -3114,6 +3128,12 @@ def test_lcm(self):
         self.assertAllClose(knp.lcm(x, y), np.lcm(x, y))
         self.assertAllClose(knp.Lcm()(x, y), np.lcm(x, y))
 
+    def test_ldexp(self):
+        x = np.array([[1, 2, 3], [3, 2, 1]])
+        y = np.array([[4, 5, 6], [3, 2, 1]])
+        self.assertAllClose(knp.ldexp(x, y), np.ldexp(x, y))
+        self.assertAllClose(knp.Ldexp()(x, y), np.ldexp(x, y))
+
     def test_less(self):
         x = np.array([[1, 2, 3], [3, 2, 1]])
         y = np.array([[4, 5, 6], [3, 2, 1]])
@@ -7884,6 +7904,27 @@ def test_lcm(self, dtypes):
             expected_dtype,
         )
 
+    @parameterized.named_parameters(
+        named_product(dtypes=list(itertools.product(ALL_DTYPES, INT_DTYPES)))
+    )
+    def test_ldexp(self, dtypes):
+        import jax.numpy as jnp
+
+        dtype1, dtype2 = dtypes
+        x1 = knp.ones((), dtype=dtype1)
+        x2 = knp.ones((), dtype=dtype2)
+        x1_jax = jnp.ones((), dtype=dtype1)
+        x2_jax = jnp.ones((), dtype=dtype2)
+        expected_dtype = standardize_dtype(jnp.ldexp(x1_jax, x2_jax).dtype)
+
+        self.assertEqual(
+            standardize_dtype(knp.ldexp(x1, x2).dtype), expected_dtype
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(
+            standardize_dtype(knp.Ldexp().symbolic_call(x1, x2).dtype),
+            expected_dtype,
+        )
+
     @parameterized.named_parameters(
         named_product(dtypes=itertools.combinations(ALL_DTYPES, 2))
     )

From 8b0c56138cf95ea9e4db9714e39361606ea9a174 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: ugeunpark <pwg2004@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 20 Nov 2025 21:40:54 +0900
Subject: [PATCH 3/6] Update code by gemini reveiw

---
 keras/src/backend/numpy/numpy.py      | 2 --
 keras/src/backend/tensorflow/numpy.py | 9 ++++++---
 2 files changed, 6 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/keras/src/backend/numpy/numpy.py b/keras/src/backend/numpy/numpy.py
index 1525743fed1b..094628c51817 100644
--- a/keras/src/backend/numpy/numpy.py
+++ b/keras/src/backend/numpy/numpy.py
@@ -784,8 +784,6 @@ def ldexp(x1, x2):
             f"Received: x2 dtype={x2.dtype}"
         )
 
-    x1 = np.asarray(x1).astype(np.float32)
-    x2 = np.asarray(x2).astype(np.int32)
     return np.ldexp(x1, x2).astype(dtype)
 
 
diff --git a/keras/src/backend/tensorflow/numpy.py b/keras/src/backend/tensorflow/numpy.py
index d166b3b30f03..67019c603afc 100644
--- a/keras/src/backend/tensorflow/numpy.py
+++ b/keras/src/backend/tensorflow/numpy.py
@@ -1855,9 +1855,12 @@ def ldexp(x1, x2):
             f"Received: x2 dtype={x2.dtype}"
         )
 
-    x1 = tf.cast(x1, tf.float32)
-    x2 = tf.cast(x2, tf.float32)
-    return tf.cast(x1 * tf.pow(2.0, x2), dtype)
+    x1 = tf.cast(x1, dtypes.result_type(x1.dtype, float))
+
+    x1 = tf.cast(x1, tf.float32 if not x1.dtype.is_floating else x1.dtype)
+    x2 = tf.cast(x2, x1.dtype)
+    result = x1 * tf.pow(tf.constant(2.0, dtype=x1.dtype), x2)
+    return tf.cast(tf.where(tf.math.is_inf(x1) | (x1 == 0), x1, result), dtype)
 
 
 def less(x1, x2):

From 65a5423b18fa9f30c2b3329a978f4f3cd23d0a9a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: ugeunpark <pwg2004@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 26 Nov 2025 15:16:29 +0900
Subject: [PATCH 4/6] Update code by review

---
 keras/src/backend/tensorflow/numpy.py | 6 ++----
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/keras/src/backend/tensorflow/numpy.py b/keras/src/backend/tensorflow/numpy.py
index 67019c603afc..4691a80e6140 100644
--- a/keras/src/backend/tensorflow/numpy.py
+++ b/keras/src/backend/tensorflow/numpy.py
@@ -1855,12 +1855,10 @@ def ldexp(x1, x2):
             f"Received: x2 dtype={x2.dtype}"
         )
 
-    x1 = tf.cast(x1, dtypes.result_type(x1.dtype, float))
-
-    x1 = tf.cast(x1, tf.float32 if not x1.dtype.is_floating else x1.dtype)
+    x1 = tf.cast(x1, dtype)
     x2 = tf.cast(x2, x1.dtype)
     result = x1 * tf.pow(tf.constant(2.0, dtype=x1.dtype), x2)
-    return tf.cast(tf.where(tf.math.is_inf(x1) | (x1 == 0), x1, result), dtype)
+    return tf.where(tf.math.is_inf(x1) | (x1 == 0), x1, result)
 
 
 def less(x1, x2):

From 7eee64c26073382e96f6a0a159fb7339246534f0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: ugeunpark <pwg2004@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 26 Nov 2025 15:58:51 +0900
Subject: [PATCH 5/6] Add cast for tensorflow return value

---
 keras/src/backend/tensorflow/numpy.py | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/keras/src/backend/tensorflow/numpy.py b/keras/src/backend/tensorflow/numpy.py
index 4691a80e6140..c35be3d35bc8 100644
--- a/keras/src/backend/tensorflow/numpy.py
+++ b/keras/src/backend/tensorflow/numpy.py
@@ -1858,7 +1858,7 @@ def ldexp(x1, x2):
     x1 = tf.cast(x1, dtype)
     x2 = tf.cast(x2, x1.dtype)
     result = x1 * tf.pow(tf.constant(2.0, dtype=x1.dtype), x2)
-    return tf.where(tf.math.is_inf(x1) | (x1 == 0), x1, result)
+    return tf.cast(tf.where(tf.math.is_inf(x1) | (x1 == 0), x1, result), dtype)
 
 
 def less(x1, x2):

From e2d5218b452f2308ba8da0e2f877f8325bb10ab1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: ugeunpark <pwg2004@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 28 Nov 2025 19:12:49 +0900
Subject: [PATCH 6/6] merge master

---
 keras/src/backend/numpy/numpy.py | 1 -
 1 file changed, 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/keras/src/backend/numpy/numpy.py b/keras/src/backend/numpy/numpy.py
index 094628c51817..cdff50137588 100644
--- a/keras/src/backend/numpy/numpy.py
+++ b/keras/src/backend/numpy/numpy.py
@@ -783,7 +783,6 @@ def ldexp(x1, x2):
             f"ldexp exponent must be an integer type. "
             f"Received: x2 dtype={x2.dtype}"
         )
-
     return np.ldexp(x1, x2).astype(dtype)