diff --git a/src/latexify/generate_latex_test.py b/src/latexify/generate_latex_test.py
index 6964306..e2104d8 100644
--- a/src/latexify/generate_latex_test.py
+++ b/src/latexify/generate_latex_test.py
@@ -82,6 +82,24 @@ def f(x):
     assert generate_latex.get_latex(f, reduce_assignments=True) == latex_with_flag
 
 
+def test_get_latex_identifiers_with_keyword_value() -> None:
+    def f(lambda_):
+        return lambda_
+
+    latex = generate_latex.get_latex(
+        f, identifiers={"lambda_": "lambda"}, use_math_symbols=True
+    )
+    assert latex == r"f(\lambda) = \lambda"
+
+
+def test_get_latex_identifiers_with_non_symbol_keyword_value() -> None:
+    def f(x):
+        return x
+
+    latex = generate_latex.get_latex(f, identifiers={"x": "return"})
+    assert latex == r"f(\mathrm{return}) = \mathrm{return}"
+
+
 def test_get_latex_use_math_symbols() -> None:
     def f(alpha):
         return alpha
diff --git a/src/latexify/transformers/identifier_replacer.py b/src/latexify/transformers/identifier_replacer.py
index aa0296e..a92fb75 100644
--- a/src/latexify/transformers/identifier_replacer.py
+++ b/src/latexify/transformers/identifier_replacer.py
@@ -31,15 +31,18 @@ def __init__(self, mapping: dict[str, str]):
         Args:
             mapping: User defined mapping of names. Keys are the original names of the
                 identifiers, and corresponding values are the replacements.
-                Both keys and values have to represent valid Python identifiers:
-                ^[A-Za-z_][A-Za-z0-9_]*$
+                Keys have to represent valid Python identifiers (not keywords).
+                Values have to be valid Python identifiers but may be keywords
+                (e.g., "lambda" for use with math symbols).
         """
         self._mapping = mapping
 
         for k, v in self._mapping.items():
+            # Keys must be valid non-keyword identifiers (they reference source code).
             if not str.isidentifier(k) or keyword.iskeyword(k):
                 raise ValueError(f"'{k}' is not an identifier name.")
-            if not str.isidentifier(v) or keyword.iskeyword(v):
+            # Values may be keywords (e.g., "lambda" resolves to a math symbol).
+            if not str.isidentifier(v):
                 raise ValueError(f"'{v}' is not an identifier name.")
 
     def _replace_args(self, args: list[ast.arg]) -> list[ast.arg]:
diff --git a/src/latexify/transformers/identifier_replacer_test.py b/src/latexify/transformers/identifier_replacer_test.py
index 16a5ac4..8efbc39 100644
--- a/src/latexify/transformers/identifier_replacer_test.py
+++ b/src/latexify/transformers/identifier_replacer_test.py
@@ -16,7 +16,19 @@ def test_invalid_mapping() -> None:
     with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=r"'456' is not an identifier name."):
         IdentifierReplacer({"foo": "456"})
     with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=r"'def' is not an identifier name."):
-        IdentifierReplacer({"foo": "def"})
+        IdentifierReplacer({"def": "foo"})
+
+
+def test_keyword_value_accepted() -> None:
+    assert IdentifierReplacer({"x": "lambda"}) is not None
+    assert IdentifierReplacer({"x": "return"}) is not None
+
+
+def test_name_replaced_with_keyword_value() -> None:
+    source = ast.Name(id="x", ctx=ast.Load())
+    expected = ast.Name(id="lambda", ctx=ast.Load())
+    transformed = IdentifierReplacer({"x": "lambda"}).visit(source)
+    test_utils.assert_ast_equal(transformed, expected)
 
 
 def test_name_replaced() -> None: