Improve error handling for failed operations

[tortmayr]

Goal

The goal of this epic is to improve error handling for failed operations, in particular by introducing
a mechanism for the client to react to an operation failure.

Ideally operation execution is hooked into the request-response/reject flow so that the client can react to rejected operations.
For this two approaches come to mind

1. Full implementation as opt-in Request-Response actions i.e. base class for Operations becomes RequestAction. Requires introduction of a success response action and handling of rejections.
   Potentially API breaking.

2. Wrapper request -response action that allows to execute particular operations in request-response fashion
   (see also Delegate error to action dispatcher #1386 (comment))

Steps

• Initial evaluation of potential approaches and choosing a solution
• Derive subissues and work items for client, node and java server
• Complete work items