DevContainer commands now default the workspace folder to the current directory if not specified.

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -2,6 +2,11 @@
 
 Notable changes.
 
+## December 2025
+
+### [0.81.0]
+- devcontainer commands now use current directory as default workspace folder when not specified (https://github.com/devcontainers/cli/pull/1104)
+
 ## November 2025
 
 ### [0.80.2]

package.json

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 {
 	"name": "@devcontainers/cli",
 	"description": "Dev Containers CLI",
-	"version": "0.80.2",
+	"version": "0.81.0",
 	"bin": {
 		"devcontainer": "devcontainer.js"
 	},

src/spec-node/devContainersSpecCLI.ts

@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ function provisionOptions(y: Argv) {
 		'docker-compose-path': { type: 'string', description: 'Docker Compose CLI path.' },
 		'container-data-folder': { type: 'string', description: 'Container data folder where user data inside the container will be stored.' },
 		'container-system-data-folder': { type: 'string', description: 'Container system data folder where system data inside the container will be stored.' },
-		'workspace-folder': { type: 'string', description: 'Workspace folder path. The devcontainer.json will be looked up relative to this path.' },
+		'workspace-folder': { type: 'string', description: 'Workspace folder path. The devcontainer.json will be looked up relative to this path. If --id-label, --override-config, and --workspace-folder are not provided, this defaults to the current directory.' },
 		'workspace-mount-consistency': { choices: ['consistent' as 'consistent', 'cached' as 'cached', 'delegated' as 'delegated'], default: 'cached' as 'cached', description: 'Workspace mount consistency.' },
 		'gpu-availability': { choices: ['all' as 'all', 'detect' as 'detect', 'none' as 'none'], default: 'detect' as 'detect', description: 'Availability of GPUs in case the dev container requires any. `all` expects a GPU to be available.' },
 		'mount-workspace-git-root': { type: 'boolean', default: true, description: 'Mount the workspace using its Git root.' },
@@ -148,11 +148,9 @@ function provisionOptions(y: Argv) {
 			if (idLabels?.some(idLabel => !/.+=.+/.test(idLabel))) {
 				throw new Error('Unmatched argument format: id-label must match <name>=<value>');
 			}
-			if (!(argv['workspace-folder'] || argv['id-label'])) {
-				throw new Error('Missing required argument: workspace-folder or id-label');
-			}
-			if (!(argv['workspace-folder'] || argv['override-config'])) {
-				throw new Error('Missing required argument: workspace-folder or override-config');
+			// Default workspace-folder to current directory if not provided and no id-label or override-config
+			if (!argv['workspace-folder'] && !argv['id-label'] && !argv['override-config']) {
+				argv['workspace-folder'] = process.cwd();
 			}
 			const mounts = (argv.mount && (Array.isArray(argv.mount) ? argv.mount : [argv.mount])) as string[] | undefined;
 			if (mounts?.some(mount => !mountRegex.test(mount))) {
@@ -507,7 +505,7 @@ function buildOptions(y: Argv) {
 		'user-data-folder': { type: 'string', description: 'Host path to a directory that is intended to be persisted and share state between sessions.' },
 		'docker-path': { type: 'string', description: 'Docker CLI path.' },
 		'docker-compose-path': { type: 'string', description: 'Docker Compose CLI path.' },
-		'workspace-folder': { type: 'string', required: true, description: 'Workspace folder path. The devcontainer.json will be looked up relative to this path.' },
+		'workspace-folder': { type: 'string', description: 'Workspace folder path. The devcontainer.json will be looked up relative to this path. If not provided, defaults to the current directory.' },
 		'config': { type: 'string', description: 'devcontainer.json path. The default is to use .devcontainer/devcontainer.json or, if that does not exist, .devcontainer.json in the workspace folder.' },
 		'log-level': { choices: ['info' as 'info', 'debug' as 'debug', 'trace' as 'trace'], default: 'info' as 'info', description: 'Log level.' },
 		'log-format': { choices: ['text' as 'text', 'json' as 'json'], default: 'text' as 'text', description: 'Log format.' },
@@ -574,7 +572,7 @@ async function doBuild({
 		await Promise.all(disposables.map(d => d()));
 	};
 	try {
-		const workspaceFolder = path.resolve(process.cwd(), workspaceFolderArg);
+		const workspaceFolder = workspaceFolderArg ? path.resolve(process.cwd(), workspaceFolderArg) : process.cwd();
 		const configFile: URI | undefined = configParam ? URI.file(path.resolve(process.cwd(), configParam)) : undefined;
 		const overrideConfigFile: URI | undefined = /* overrideConfig ? URI.file(path.resolve(process.cwd(), overrideConfig)) : */ undefined;
 		const addCacheFroms = addCacheFrom ? (Array.isArray(addCacheFrom) ? addCacheFrom as string[] : [addCacheFrom]) : [];
@@ -752,7 +750,7 @@ function runUserCommandsOptions(y: Argv) {
 		'docker-compose-path': { type: 'string', description: 'Docker Compose CLI path.' },
 		'container-data-folder': { type: 'string', description: 'Container data folder where user data inside the container will be stored.' },
 		'container-system-data-folder': { type: 'string', description: 'Container system data folder where system data inside the container will be stored.' },
-		'workspace-folder': { type: 'string', description: 'Workspace folder path. The devcontainer.json will be looked up relative to this path.' },
+		'workspace-folder': { type: 'string', description: 'Workspace folder path.The devcontainer.json will be looked up relative to this path. If --container-id, --id-label, and --workspace-folder are not provided, this defaults to the current directory.' },
 		'mount-workspace-git-root': { type: 'boolean', default: true, description: 'Mount the workspace using its Git root.' },
 		'container-id': { type: 'string', description: 'Id of the container to run the user commands for.' },
 		'id-label': { type: 'string', description: 'Id label(s) of the format name=value. If no --container-id is given the id labels will be used to look up the container. If no --id-label is given, one will be inferred from the --workspace-folder path.' },
@@ -785,7 +783,7 @@ function runUserCommandsOptions(y: Argv) {
 				throw new Error('Unmatched argument format: remote-env must match <name>=<value>');
 			}
 			if (!argv['container-id'] && !idLabels?.length && !argv['workspace-folder']) {
-				throw new Error('Missing required argument: One of --container-id, --id-label or --workspace-folder is required.');
+				argv['workspace-folder'] = process.cwd();
 			}
 			return true;
 		});
@@ -954,7 +952,7 @@ function readConfigurationOptions(y: Argv) {
 		'user-data-folder': { type: 'string', description: 'Host path to a directory that is intended to be persisted and share state between sessions.' },
 		'docker-path': { type: 'string', description: 'Docker CLI path.' },
 		'docker-compose-path': { type: 'string', description: 'Docker Compose CLI path.' },
-		'workspace-folder': { type: 'string', description: 'Workspace folder path. The devcontainer.json will be looked up relative to this path.' },
+		'workspace-folder': { type: 'string', description: 'Workspace folder path. The devcontainer.json will be looked up relative to this path. If --container-id, --id-label, and --workspace-folder are not provided, this defaults to the current directory.' },
 		'mount-workspace-git-root': { type: 'boolean', default: true, description: 'Mount the workspace using its Git root.' },
 		'container-id': { type: 'string', description: 'Id of the container to run the user commands for.' },
 		'id-label': { type: 'string', description: 'Id label(s) of the format name=value. If no --container-id is given the id labels will be used to look up the container. If no --id-label is given, one will be inferred from the --workspace-folder path.' },
@@ -975,7 +973,7 @@ function readConfigurationOptions(y: Argv) {
 				throw new Error('Unmatched argument format: id-label must match <name>=<value>');
 			}
 			if (!argv['container-id'] && !idLabels?.length && !argv['workspace-folder']) {
-				throw new Error('Missing required argument: One of --container-id, --id-label or --workspace-folder is required.');
+				argv['workspace-folder'] = process.cwd();
 			}
 			return true;
 		});
@@ -1107,7 +1105,7 @@ async function readConfiguration({
 function outdatedOptions(y: Argv) {
 	return y.options({
 		'user-data-folder': { type: 'string', description: 'Host path to a directory that is intended to be persisted and share state between sessions.' },
-		'workspace-folder': { type: 'string', required: true, description: 'Workspace folder path. The devcontainer.json will be looked up relative to this path.' },
+		'workspace-folder': { type: 'string', description: 'Workspace folder path. The devcontainer.json will be looked up relative to this path. If --workspace-folder is not provided, defaults to the current directory.' },
 		'config': { type: 'string', description: 'devcontainer.json path. The default is to use .devcontainer/devcontainer.json or, if that does not exist, .devcontainer.json in the workspace folder.' },
 		'output-format': { choices: ['text' as 'text', 'json' as 'json'], default: 'text', description: 'Output format.' },
 		'log-level': { choices: ['info' as 'info', 'debug' as 'debug', 'trace' as 'trace'], default: 'info' as 'info', description: 'Log level for the --terminal-log-file. When set to trace, the log level for --log-file will also be set to trace.' },
@@ -1139,7 +1137,7 @@ async function outdated({
 	};
 	let output: Log | undefined;
 	try {
-		const workspaceFolder = path.resolve(process.cwd(), workspaceFolderArg);
+		const workspaceFolder = workspaceFolderArg ? path.resolve(process.cwd(), workspaceFolderArg) : process.cwd();
 		const configFile = configParam ? URI.file(path.resolve(process.cwd(), configParam)) : undefined;
 		const cliHost = await getCLIHost(workspaceFolder, loadNativeModule, logFormat === 'text');
 		const extensionPath = path.join(__dirname, '..', '..');
@@ -1209,7 +1207,7 @@ function execOptions(y: Argv) {
 		'docker-compose-path': { type: 'string', description: 'Docker Compose CLI path.' },
 		'container-data-folder': { type: 'string', description: 'Container data folder where user data inside the container will be stored.' },
 		'container-system-data-folder': { type: 'string', description: 'Container system data folder where system data inside the container will be stored.' },
-		'workspace-folder': { type: 'string', description: 'Workspace folder path. The devcontainer.json will be looked up relative to this path.' },
+		'workspace-folder': { type: 'string', description: 'Workspace folder path. The devcontainer.json will be looked up relative to this path. If --container-id, --id-label, and --workspace-folder are not provided, this defaults to the current directory.' },
 		'mount-workspace-git-root': { type: 'boolean', default: true, description: 'Mount the workspace using its Git root.' },
 		'container-id': { type: 'string', description: 'Id of the container to run the user commands for.' },
 		'id-label': { type: 'string', description: 'Id label(s) of the format name=value. If no --container-id is given the id labels will be used to look up the container. If no --id-label is given, one will be inferred from the --workspace-folder path.' },
@@ -1243,7 +1241,7 @@ function execOptions(y: Argv) {
 				throw new Error('Unmatched argument format: remote-env must match <name>=<value>');
 			}
 			if (!argv['container-id'] && !idLabels?.length && !argv['workspace-folder']) {
-				throw new Error('Missing required argument: One of --container-id, --id-label or --workspace-folder is required.');
+				argv['workspace-folder'] = process.cwd();
 			}
 			return true;
 		});

src/spec-node/featuresCLI/resolveDependencies.ts

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ export function featuresResolveDependenciesOptions(y: Argv) {
 	return y
 		.options({
 			'log-level': { choices: ['error' as 'error', 'info' as 'info', 'debug' as 'debug', 'trace' as 'trace'], default: 'error' as 'error', description: 'Log level.' },
-			'workspace-folder': { type: 'string', description: 'Workspace folder to use for the configuration.', demandOption: true },
+			'workspace-folder': { type: 'string', description: 'Workspace folder to use for the configuration.If --workspace-folder is not provided, this defaults to the current directory' },
 		});
 }
 
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ export function featuresResolveDependenciesHandler(args: featuresResolveDependen
 }
 
 async function featuresResolveDependencies({
-	'workspace-folder': workspaceFolder,
+	'workspace-folder': workspaceFolderArg,
 	'log-level': inputLogLevel,
 }: featuresResolveDependenciesArgs) {
 	const disposables: (() => Promise<unknown> | undefined)[] = [];
@@ -62,6 +62,8 @@ async function featuresResolveDependencies({
 
 	let jsonOutput: JsonOutput = {};
 
+	const workspaceFolder = workspaceFolderArg ? path.resolve(process.cwd(), workspaceFolderArg) : process.cwd();
+
 	// Detect path to dev container config
 	let configPath = path.join(workspaceFolder, '.devcontainer.json');
 	if (!(await isLocalFile(configPath))) {

src/spec-node/templatesCLI/apply.ts

@@ -6,11 +6,12 @@ import * as jsonc from 'jsonc-parser';
 import { UnpackArgv } from '../devContainersSpecCLI';
 import { fetchTemplate, SelectedTemplate, TemplateFeatureOption, TemplateOptions } from '../../spec-configuration/containerTemplatesOCI';
 import { runAsyncHandler } from '../utils';
+import path from 'path';
 
 export function templateApplyOptions(y: Argv) {
 	return y
 		.options({
-			'workspace-folder': { type: 'string', alias: 'w', demandOption: true, default: '.', description: 'Target workspace folder to apply Template' },
+			'workspace-folder': { type: 'string', alias: 'w', description: 'Target workspace folder to apply Template. If --workspace-folder is not provided, this defaults to the current directory' },
 			'template-id': { type: 'string', alias: 't', demandOption: true, description: 'Reference to a Template in a supported OCI registry' },
 			'template-args': { type: 'string', alias: 'a', default: '{}', description: 'Arguments to replace within the provided Template, provided as JSON' },
 			'features': { type: 'string', alias: 'f', default: '[]', description: 'Features to add to the provided Template, provided as JSON.' },
@@ -30,7 +31,7 @@ export function templateApplyHandler(args: TemplateApplyArgs) {
 }
 
 async function templateApply({
-	'workspace-folder': workspaceFolder,
+	'workspace-folder': workspaceFolderArg,
 	'template-id': templateId,
 	'template-args': templateArgs,
 	'features': featuresArgs,
@@ -42,6 +43,7 @@ async function templateApply({
 	const dispose = async () => {
 		await Promise.all(disposables.map(d => d()));
 	};
+	const workspaceFolder = workspaceFolderArg ? path.resolve(process.cwd(), workspaceFolderArg) : process.cwd();
 
 	const pkg = getPackageConfig();
 

src/spec-node/upgradeCommand.ts

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ import { mapNodeArchitectureToGOARCH, mapNodeOSToGOOS } from '../spec-configurat
 export function featuresUpgradeOptions(y: Argv) {
 	return y
 		.options({
-			'workspace-folder': { type: 'string', description: 'Workspace folder.', demandOption: true },
+			'workspace-folder': { type: 'string', description: 'Workspace folder. If --workspace-folder is not provided defaults to the current directory.' },
 			'docker-path': { type: 'string', description: 'Path to docker executable.', default: 'docker' },
 			'docker-compose-path': { type: 'string', description: 'Path to docker-compose executable.', default: 'docker-compose' },
 			'config': { type: 'string', description: 'devcontainer.json path. The default is to use .devcontainer/devcontainer.json or, if that does not exist, .devcontainer.json in the workspace folder.' },
@@ -37,7 +37,6 @@ export function featuresUpgradeOptions(y: Argv) {
 			if (argv.feature && !argv['target-version'] || !argv.feature && argv['target-version']) {
 				throw new Error('The \'--target-version\' and \'--feature\' flag must be used together.');
 			}
-
 			if (argv['target-version']) {
 				const targetVersion = argv['target-version'];
 				if (!targetVersion.match(/^\d+(\.\d+(\.\d+)?)?$/)) {
@@ -70,7 +69,7 @@ async function featuresUpgrade({
 	};
 	let output: Log | undefined;
 	try {
-		const workspaceFolder = path.resolve(process.cwd(), workspaceFolderArg);
+        const workspaceFolder = workspaceFolderArg ? path.resolve(process.cwd(), workspaceFolderArg) : process.cwd();		
 		const configFile = configArg ? URI.file(path.resolve(process.cwd(), configArg)) : undefined;
 		const cliHost = await getCLIHost(workspaceFolder, loadNativeModule, true);
 		const extensionPath = path.join(__dirname, '..', '..');

src/test/cli.build.test.ts

@@ -433,5 +433,49 @@ describe('Dev Containers CLI', function () {
 			const details = JSON.parse((await shellExec(`docker inspect ${response.imageName}`)).stdout)[0] as ImageDetails;
 			assert.strictEqual(details.Config.Labels?.test_build_options, 'success');
 		});
+
+		it('should use current directory for build when no workspace-folder provided', async function () {
+			const testFolder = `${__dirname}/configs/image`; // Use simpler config without features
+			const absoluteTmpPath = path.resolve(__dirname, 'tmp');
+			const absoluteCli = `npx --prefix ${absoluteTmpPath} devcontainer`;
+			const originalCwd = process.cwd();
+			console.log(`Original cwd: ${originalCwd}`);
+			console.log(`Changing to test folder: ${testFolder}`);
+			try {
+				process.chdir(testFolder);
+				const res = await shellExec(`${absoluteCli} build`);
+				const response = JSON.parse(res.stdout);
+				assert.equal(response.outcome, 'success');
+				assert.ok(response.imageName);
+			} finally {
+				process.chdir(originalCwd);
+			}
+		});
+
+		it('should fail gracefully when no workspace-folder and no config in current directory', async function () {
+			const tempDir = path.join(os.tmpdir(), 'devcontainer-build-test-' + Date.now());
+			await shellExec(`mkdir -p ${tempDir}`);
+			const absoluteTmpPath = path.resolve(__dirname, 'tmp');
+			const absoluteCli = `npx --prefix ${absoluteTmpPath} devcontainer`;
+			const originalCwd = process.cwd();
+			try {
+				process.chdir(tempDir);
+				let success = false;
+				try {
+					await shellExec(`${absoluteCli} build`);
+					success = true;
+				} catch (error) {
+					assert.equal(error.error.code, 1, 'Should fail with exit code 1');
+					const res = JSON.parse(error.stdout);
+					assert.equal(res.outcome, 'error');
+					assert.match(res.message, /Dev container config .* not found/);
+				}
+				assert.equal(success, false, 'expect non-successful call');
+			} finally {
+				process.chdir(originalCwd);
+				await shellExec(`rm -rf ${tempDir}`);
+			}
+		});
+
 	});
 });