diff --git a/crates/primitives/Cargo.toml b/crates/primitives/Cargo.toml
index 420f4cadb..8a6cbe7b2 100644
--- a/crates/primitives/Cargo.toml
+++ b/crates/primitives/Cargo.toml
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ rustdoc-args = [
 workspace = true
 
 [dependencies]
+arrayvec.workspace=true
 bytes.workspace = true
 hex.workspace = true
 itoa.workspace = true
@@ -114,6 +115,7 @@ serde_json.workspace = true
 [features]
 default = ["std", "map", "map-foldhash"]
 std = [
+    "alloc",
     "bytes/std",
     "hex/std",
     "ruint/std",
@@ -129,6 +131,12 @@ std = [
     "serde?/std",
     "sha3?/std",
 ]
+alloc = [
+    "proptest?/alloc",
+    "ruint/alloc",
+    "serde?/alloc",
+    "hex/alloc",
+]
 nightly = [
     "foldhash?/nightly",
     "hashbrown?/nightly",
diff --git a/crates/primitives/src/bits/address.rs b/crates/primitives/src/bits/address.rs
index d6b122881..47c105067 100644
--- a/crates/primitives/src/bits/address.rs
+++ b/crates/primitives/src/bits/address.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 use crate::{FixedBytes, aliases::U160, utils::keccak256};
+use core::borrow::Borrow;
+#[cfg(feature = "alloc")]
 use alloc::{
-    borrow::Borrow,
     string::{String, ToString},
 };
 use core::{fmt, mem::MaybeUninit, str};
@@ -579,6 +580,7 @@ impl AddressChecksumBuffer {
     }
 
     /// Returns the checksum of a formatted address.
+    #[cfg(feature = "alloc")]
     #[inline]
     #[allow(clippy::inherent_to_string_shadow_display)]
     pub fn to_string(&self) -> String {
diff --git a/crates/primitives/src/bits/serde.rs b/crates/primitives/src/bits/serde.rs
index ce9c70e90..c2b7533ec 100644
--- a/crates/primitives/src/bits/serde.rs
+++ b/crates/primitives/src/bits/serde.rs
@@ -38,7 +38,15 @@ impl<'de, const N: usize> Deserialize<'de> for FixedBytes<N> {
 
             fn visit_seq<A: de::SeqAccess<'de>>(self, mut seq: A) -> Result<Self::Value, A::Error> {
                 let len_error =
-                    |i| de::Error::invalid_length(i, &format!("exactly {N} bytes").as_str());
+                    |i| {
+                        // "exactly N bytes" string has len of 15, so we handle N up to 10**17 here safely. Should cover all reasonable N.
+                        let mut string = arrayvec::ArrayString::<32>::new();
+                        if fmt::write(&mut string, format_args!("exactly {N} bytes")).is_ok() {
+                            de::Error::invalid_length(i, &string.as_str())
+                        } else {
+                            de::Error::invalid_length(i, &"exactly N bytes")
+                        }
+                    };
                 let mut bytes = [0u8; N];
 
                 for (i, byte) in bytes.iter_mut().enumerate() {
diff --git a/crates/primitives/src/bytes/mod.rs b/crates/primitives/src/bytes/mod.rs
index b26fe5a82..c53c96b24 100644
--- a/crates/primitives/src/bytes/mod.rs
+++ b/crates/primitives/src/bytes/mod.rs
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+#![cfg(feature = "alloc")]
+
 use crate::FixedBytes;
 use alloc::{boxed::Box, vec::Vec};
 use core::{
diff --git a/crates/primitives/src/lib.rs b/crates/primitives/src/lib.rs
index 2d5ef25cd..3c90e46c4 100644
--- a/crates/primitives/src/lib.rs
+++ b/crates/primitives/src/lib.rs
@@ -8,6 +8,8 @@
 #![cfg_attr(feature = "nightly", feature(hasher_prefixfree_extras))]
 #![cfg_attr(docsrs, feature(doc_cfg))]
 
+#[cfg(feature = "alloc")]
+#[allow(unused_imports)]
 #[macro_use]
 extern crate alloc;
 
@@ -70,6 +72,7 @@ pub use signature::PrimitiveSignature;
 pub use signature::{Signature, SignatureError, normalize_v, to_eip155_v};
 
 pub mod utils;
+#[cfg(feature = "alloc")]
 pub use utils::{KECCAK256_EMPTY, Keccak256, eip191_hash_message, keccak256};
 
 #[doc(hidden)] // Use `hex` directly instead!
@@ -107,6 +110,7 @@ pub type B160 = FixedBytes<20>;
 // Not public API.
 #[doc(hidden)]
 pub mod private {
+    #[cfg(feature = "alloc")]
     pub use alloc::vec::Vec;
     pub use core::{
         self,
diff --git a/crates/primitives/src/log/mod.rs b/crates/primitives/src/log/mod.rs
index d5d095770..b33c9df07 100644
--- a/crates/primitives/src/log/mod.rs
+++ b/crates/primitives/src/log/mod.rs
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+#![cfg(feature = "alloc")] // logs are a wrapper over Vec basically, so there is no point in having them without alloc
+
 use crate::{Address, B256, Bloom, Bytes};
 use alloc::vec::Vec;
 
diff --git a/crates/primitives/src/signature/sig.rs b/crates/primitives/src/signature/sig.rs
index ff9cb5155..f388d4ecb 100644
--- a/crates/primitives/src/signature/sig.rs
+++ b/crates/primitives/src/signature/sig.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #![allow(clippy::missing_const_for_fn)] // On purpose for forward compatibility.
 
 use crate::{B256, U256, hex, normalize_v, signature::SignatureError, uint};
+#[cfg(feature = "alloc")]
 use alloc::vec::Vec;
 use core::{fmt::Display, str::FromStr};
 
@@ -60,6 +61,7 @@ impl From<Signature> for [u8; 65] {
     }
 }
 
+#[cfg(feature = "alloc")]
 impl From<&Signature> for Vec<u8> {
     #[inline]
     fn from(value: &Signature) -> Self {
@@ -67,6 +69,7 @@ impl From<&Signature> for Vec<u8> {
     }
 }
 
+#[cfg(feature = "alloc")]
 impl From<Signature> for Vec<u8> {
     #[inline]
     fn from(value: Signature) -> Self {
diff --git a/crates/primitives/src/signed/conversions.rs b/crates/primitives/src/signed/conversions.rs
index 9f0d57f92..50023cd29 100644
--- a/crates/primitives/src/signed/conversions.rs
+++ b/crates/primitives/src/signed/conversions.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 use super::{BigIntConversionError, ParseSignedError, Sign, Signed, utils::twos_complement};
+#[cfg(feature = "alloc")]
 use alloc::string::String;
 use core::str::FromStr;
 use ruint::{ToUintError, Uint, UintTryFrom};
@@ -95,6 +96,7 @@ impl<const BITS: usize, const LIMBS: usize> TryFrom<&str> for Signed<BITS, LIMBS
     }
 }
 
+#[cfg(feature = "alloc")]
 impl<const BITS: usize, const LIMBS: usize> TryFrom<&String> for Signed<BITS, LIMBS> {
     type Error = ParseSignedError;
 
@@ -104,6 +106,7 @@ impl<const BITS: usize, const LIMBS: usize> TryFrom<&String> for Signed<BITS, LI
     }
 }
 
+#[cfg(feature = "alloc")]
 impl<const BITS: usize, const LIMBS: usize> TryFrom<String> for Signed<BITS, LIMBS> {
     type Error = ParseSignedError;
 
diff --git a/crates/primitives/src/signed/int.rs b/crates/primitives/src/signed/int.rs
index f1d10d77b..6376f5739 100644
--- a/crates/primitives/src/signed/int.rs
+++ b/crates/primitives/src/signed/int.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 use super::{ParseSignedError, Sign, utils::*};
+#[cfg(feature = "alloc")]
 use alloc::string::String;
 use core::fmt;
 use ruint::{BaseConvertError, Uint, UintTryFrom, UintTryTo};
@@ -367,6 +368,7 @@ impl<const BITS: usize, const LIMBS: usize> Signed<BITS, LIMBS> {
     }
 
     /// Convert to a decimal string.
+    #[cfg(feature = "alloc")]
     pub fn to_dec_string(&self) -> String {
         let sign = self.sign();
         let abs = self.unsigned_abs();
@@ -393,6 +395,7 @@ impl<const BITS: usize, const LIMBS: usize> Signed<BITS, LIMBS> {
     }
 
     /// Convert to a hex string.
+    #[cfg(feature = "alloc")]
     pub fn to_hex_string(&self) -> String {
         let sign = self.sign();
         let abs = self.unsigned_abs();
diff --git a/crates/primitives/src/signed/serde.rs b/crates/primitives/src/signed/serde.rs
index d51630dcf..5e99c39e8 100644
--- a/crates/primitives/src/signed/serde.rs
+++ b/crates/primitives/src/signed/serde.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 use super::Signed;
+#[cfg(feature = "alloc")]
 use alloc::string::String;
 use core::{fmt, str};
 use ruint::Uint;
@@ -55,6 +56,7 @@ fn deserialize<'de, const BITS: usize, const LIMBS: usize, D: Deserializer<'de>>
             v.parse().map_err(serde::de::Error::custom)
         }
 
+        #[cfg(feature = "alloc")]
         fn visit_string<E: de::Error>(self, v: String) -> Result<Self::Value, E> {
             self.visit_str(&v)
         }
diff --git a/crates/primitives/src/utils/mod.rs b/crates/primitives/src/utils/mod.rs
index 4d0f66692..05f668222 100644
--- a/crates/primitives/src/utils/mod.rs
+++ b/crates/primitives/src/utils/mod.rs
@@ -1,23 +1,28 @@
 //! Common Ethereum utilities.
 
 use crate::B256;
+
+#[cfg(feature = "alloc")]
 use alloc::{boxed::Box, collections::TryReserveError, vec::Vec};
 use cfg_if::cfg_if;
 use core::{
     fmt,
-    mem::{ManuallyDrop, MaybeUninit},
+    mem::MaybeUninit,
 };
 
 mod units;
+#[cfg(feature = "alloc")]
 pub use units::{
     DecimalSeparator, ParseUnits, Unit, UnitsError, format_ether, format_units, format_units_with,
     parse_ether, parse_units,
 };
 
+#[cfg(feature = "alloc")]
 #[doc(hidden)]
 #[deprecated(since = "0.5.0", note = "use `Unit::ETHER.wei()` instead")]
 pub const WEI_IN_ETHER: crate::U256 = Unit::ETHER.wei_const();
 
+#[cfg(feature = "alloc")]
 #[doc(hidden)]
 #[deprecated(since = "0.5.0", note = "use `Unit` instead")]
 pub type Units = Unit;
@@ -51,6 +56,7 @@ macro_rules! try_vec {
 ///
 /// Stable version of `Box::try_new`.
 #[inline]
+#[cfg(feature = "alloc")]
 pub fn box_try_new<T>(value: T) -> Result<Box<T>, TryReserveError> {
     let mut boxed = box_try_new_uninit::<T>()?;
     unsafe {
@@ -64,6 +70,7 @@ pub fn box_try_new<T>(value: T) -> Result<Box<T>, TryReserveError> {
 /// allocation fails.
 ///
 /// Stable version of `Box::try_new_uninit`.
+#[cfg(feature = "alloc")]
 #[inline]
 pub fn box_try_new_uninit<T>() -> Result<Box<MaybeUninit<T>>, TryReserveError> {
     let mut vec = Vec::<MaybeUninit<T>>::new();
@@ -75,13 +82,14 @@ pub fn box_try_new_uninit<T>() -> Result<Box<MaybeUninit<T>>, TryReserveError> {
     // Make sure we got exactly 1 element.
     vec.shrink_to(1);
 
-    let mut vec = ManuallyDrop::new(vec);
+    let mut vec = core::mem::ManuallyDrop::new(vec);
 
     // SAFETY: `vec` is exactly one element long and has not been deallocated.
     Ok(unsafe { Box::from_raw(vec.as_mut_ptr()) })
 }
 
 /// Tries to collect the elements of an iterator into a `Vec`.
+#[cfg(feature = "alloc")]
 pub fn try_collect_vec<I: Iterator<Item = T>, T>(iter: I) -> Result<Vec<T>, TryReserveError> {
     let mut vec = Vec::new();
     if let Some(size_hint) = iter.size_hint().1 {
@@ -92,6 +100,7 @@ pub fn try_collect_vec<I: Iterator<Item = T>, T>(iter: I) -> Result<Vec<T>, TryR
 }
 
 /// Tries to create a `Vec` with the given capacity.
+#[cfg(feature = "alloc")]
 #[inline]
 pub fn vec_try_with_capacity<T>(capacity: usize) -> Result<Vec<T>, TryReserveError> {
     let mut vec = Vec::new();
@@ -100,6 +109,7 @@ pub fn vec_try_with_capacity<T>(capacity: usize) -> Result<Vec<T>, TryReserveErr
 
 /// Tries to create a `Vec` of `n` elements, each initialized to `elem`.
 // Not public API. Use `try_vec!` instead.
+#[cfg(feature = "alloc")]
 #[doc(hidden)]
 pub fn vec_try_from_elem<T: Clone>(elem: T, n: usize) -> Result<Vec<T>, TryReserveError> {
     let mut vec = Vec::new();
@@ -116,6 +126,7 @@ pub fn vec_try_from_elem<T: Clone>(elem: T, n: usize) -> Result<Vec<T>, TryReser
 /// This message is then hashed using [Keccak-256](keccak256).
 ///
 /// [EIP-191]: https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-191
+#[cfg(feature = "alloc")]
 pub fn eip191_hash_message<T: AsRef<[u8]>>(message: T) -> B256 {
     keccak256(eip191_message(message))
 }
@@ -126,6 +137,7 @@ pub fn eip191_hash_message<T: AsRef<[u8]>>(message: T) -> B256 {
 /// `"\x19Ethereum Signed Message:\n" + message.length + message`
 ///
 /// [EIP-191]: https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-191
+#[cfg(feature = "alloc")]
 pub fn eip191_message<T: AsRef<[u8]>>(message: T) -> Vec<u8> {
     fn eip191_message(message: &[u8]) -> Vec<u8> {
         let len = message.len();
diff --git a/crates/primitives/src/utils/units.rs b/crates/primitives/src/utils/units.rs
index fc561b1b9..b79f81856 100644
--- a/crates/primitives/src/utils/units.rs
+++ b/crates/primitives/src/utils/units.rs
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+#![cfg(feature = "alloc")]
+
 use crate::{I256, ParseSignedError, U256};
 use alloc::string::{String, ToString};
 use core::fmt;