diff --git a/rdflib/graph.py b/rdflib/graph.py
index 857491a2e..f9e00f2f9 100644
--- a/rdflib/graph.py
+++ b/rdflib/graph.py
@@ -355,6 +355,11 @@
 _TripleOrQuadSelectorType = Union["_TripleSelectorType", "_QuadSelectorType"]
 _TriplePathType = Tuple["_SubjectType", Path, "_ObjectType"]
 _TripleOrTriplePathType = Union["_TripleType", "_TriplePathType"]
+_TripleChoiceType = Union[
+    Tuple[List[_SubjectType], Optional[_PredicateType], Optional[_ObjectType]],
+    Tuple[Optional[_SubjectType], List[_PredicateType], Optional[_ObjectType]],
+    Tuple[Optional[_SubjectType], Optional[_PredicateType], List[_ObjectType]],
+]
 
 _GraphT = TypeVar("_GraphT", bound="Graph")
 _ConjunctiveGraphT = TypeVar("_ConjunctiveGraphT", bound="ConjunctiveGraph")
@@ -994,11 +999,7 @@ def predicate_objects(
 
     def triples_choices(
         self,
-        triple: Union[
-            Tuple[List[_SubjectType], _PredicateType, _ObjectType],
-            Tuple[_SubjectType, List[_PredicateType], _ObjectType],
-            Tuple[_SubjectType, _PredicateType, List[_ObjectType]],
-        ],
+        triple: _TripleChoiceType,
         context: Optional[_ContextType] = None,
     ) -> Generator[_TripleType, None, None]:
         subject, predicate, object_ = triple
@@ -2196,11 +2197,7 @@ def quads(
 
     def triples_choices(
         self,
-        triple: Union[
-            Tuple[List[_SubjectType], _PredicateType, _ObjectType],
-            Tuple[_SubjectType, List[_PredicateType], _ObjectType],
-            Tuple[_SubjectType, _PredicateType, List[_ObjectType]],
-        ],
+        triple: _TripleChoiceType,
         context: Optional[_ContextType] = None,
     ) -> Generator[_TripleType, None, None]:
         """Iterate over all the triples in the entire conjunctive graph"""
@@ -2946,11 +2943,7 @@ def __isub__(self: _GraphT, other: Iterable[_TripleType]) -> NoReturn:
 
     def triples_choices(
         self,
-        triple: Union[
-            Tuple[List[_SubjectType], _PredicateType, _ObjectType],
-            Tuple[_SubjectType, List[_PredicateType], _ObjectType],
-            Tuple[_SubjectType, _PredicateType, List[_ObjectType]],
-        ],
+        triple: _TripleChoiceType,
         context: Optional[_ContextType] = None,
     ) -> Generator[_TripleType, None, None]:
         subject, predicate, object_ = triple
diff --git a/rdflib/plugins/parsers/rdfxml.py b/rdflib/plugins/parsers/rdfxml.py
index e0f6e05fa..54fc69567 100644
--- a/rdflib/plugins/parsers/rdfxml.py
+++ b/rdflib/plugins/parsers/rdfxml.py
@@ -298,7 +298,8 @@ def document_element_start(
         self, name: Tuple[str, str], qname, attrs: AttributesImpl
     ) -> None:
         if name[0] and URIRef("".join(name)) == RDFVOC.RDF:
-            next = self.next
+            # Cheap hack so 2to3 doesn't turn it into __next__
+            next = getattr(self, "next")
             next.start = self.node_element_start
             next.end = self.node_element_end
         else:
@@ -315,7 +316,8 @@ def node_element_start(
         current = self.current
         absolutize = self.absolutize
 
-        next = self.next
+        # Cheap hack so 2to3 doesn't turn it into __next__
+        next = getattr(self, "next")
         next.start = self.property_element_start
         next.end = self.property_element_end
 
@@ -408,7 +410,8 @@ def property_element_start(
         current = self.current
         absolutize = self.absolutize
 
-        next = self.next
+        # Cheap hack so 2to3 doesn't turn it into __next__
+        next = getattr(self, "next")
         object: Optional[_ObjectType] = None
         current.data = None
         current.list = None
diff --git a/rdflib/plugins/serializers/longturtle.py b/rdflib/plugins/serializers/longturtle.py
index 8de1e52a2..2aaed36e6 100644
--- a/rdflib/plugins/serializers/longturtle.py
+++ b/rdflib/plugins/serializers/longturtle.py
@@ -39,21 +39,20 @@
 
 
 class LongTurtleSerializer(RecursiveSerializer):
+    """LongTurtle, a Turtle serialization format.
+
+    When the optional parameter ``canon`` is set to :py:obj:`True`, the graph is canonicalized
+    before serialization. This normalizes blank node identifiers and allows for
+    deterministic serialization of the graph. Useful when consistent outputs are required.
+    """
+
     short_name = "longturtle"
     indentString = "    "
 
     def __init__(self, store):
         self._ns_rewrite = {}
-        store = to_canonical_graph(store)
-        content = store.serialize(format="application/n-triples")
-        lines = content.split("\n")
-        lines.sort()
-        graph = Graph()
-        graph.parse(
-            data="\n".join(lines), format="application/n-triples", skolemize=True
-        )
-        graph = graph.de_skolemize()
-        super(LongTurtleSerializer, self).__init__(graph)
+        self._canon = False
+        super(LongTurtleSerializer, self).__init__(store)
         self.keywords = {RDF.type: "a"}
         self.reset()
         self.stream = None
@@ -83,11 +82,34 @@ def addNamespace(self, prefix, namespace):
         super(LongTurtleSerializer, self).addNamespace(prefix, namespace)
         return prefix
 
+    def canonize(self):
+        """Apply canonicalization to the store.
+
+        This normalizes blank node identifiers and allows for deterministic
+        serialization of the graph.
+        """
+        if not self._canon:
+            return
+
+        namespace_manager = self.store.namespace_manager
+        store = to_canonical_graph(self.store)
+        content = store.serialize(format="application/n-triples")
+        lines = content.split("\n")
+        lines.sort()
+        graph = Graph()
+        graph.parse(
+            data="\n".join(lines), format="application/n-triples", skolemize=True
+        )
+        graph = graph.de_skolemize()
+        graph.namespace_manager = namespace_manager
+        self.store = graph
+
     def reset(self):
         super(LongTurtleSerializer, self).reset()
         self._shortNames = {}
         self._started = False
         self._ns_rewrite = {}
+        self.canonize()
 
     def serialize(
         self,
@@ -97,6 +119,7 @@ def serialize(
         spacious: Optional[bool] = None,
         **kwargs: Any,
     ) -> None:
+        self._canon = kwargs.get("canon", False)
         self.reset()
         self.stream = stream
         # if base is given here, use, if not and a base is set for the graph use that
diff --git a/rdflib/plugins/shared/jsonld/context.py b/rdflib/plugins/shared/jsonld/context.py
index e6b668878..325ee38ce 100644
--- a/rdflib/plugins/shared/jsonld/context.py
+++ b/rdflib/plugins/shared/jsonld/context.py
@@ -8,14 +8,13 @@
 # https://github.com/RDFLib/rdflib-jsonld/blob/feature/json-ld-1.1/rdflib_jsonld/context.py
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-from collections import namedtuple
+from collections.abc import Collection, Generator
 from typing import (
     TYPE_CHECKING,
     Any,
-    Collection,
     Dict,
-    Generator,
     List,
+    NamedTuple,
     Optional,
     Set,
     Tuple,
@@ -74,27 +73,47 @@ class Defined(int):
 
 
 class Context:
+    """
+    A JSON-LD context, which contains term definitions
+    """
+
+    _base: str | None
+    #: _alias maps NODE_KEY to list of aliases
+    _alias: dict[str, list[str]]
+    _lookup: dict[tuple[str, Any, Defined | str, bool], Term]
+    _prefixes: dict[str, Any]
+    _context_cache: dict[str, Any]
+
+    version: float
+    language: str | None
+    doc_base: str | None
+    vocab: str | None
+    active: bool
+    propagate: bool
+    terms: dict[str, Any]
+    parent: Context | None
+
     def __init__(
         self,
         source: _ContextSourceType = None,
         base: Optional[str] = None,
         version: Optional[float] = 1.1,
     ):
-        self.version: float = version or 1.1
+        self._alias = {}
+        self._lookup = {}
+        self._prefixes = {}
+        self._context_cache = {}
+
+        self.version = version or 1.1
         self.language = None
-        self.vocab: Optional[str] = None
-        self._base: Optional[str]
-        self.base = base
         self.doc_base = base
-        self.terms: Dict[str, Any] = {}
-        # _alias maps NODE_KEY to list of aliases
-        self._alias: Dict[str, List[str]] = {}
-        self._lookup: Dict[Tuple[str, Any, Union[Defined, str], bool], Term] = {}
-        self._prefixes: Dict[str, Any] = {}
         self.active = False
-        self.parent: Optional[Context] = None
         self.propagate = True
-        self._context_cache: Dict[str, Any] = {}
+        self.vocab = None
+        self.base = base
+        self.terms = {}
+        self.parent = None
+
         if source:
             self.load(source)
 
@@ -668,9 +687,39 @@ def to_dict(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
         return r
 
 
-Term = namedtuple(
-    "Term",
-    "id, name, type, container, index, language, reverse, context," "prefix, protected",
-)
-
-Term.__new__.__defaults__ = (UNDEF, UNDEF, UNDEF, UNDEF, False, UNDEF, False, False)
+class Term(NamedTuple):
+    """
+    Describes how a JSON key should be interpreted when parsed as RDF
+    """
+
+    #: The IRI or CURIE of the term.
+    id: str
+    #: The name of the term, ie an alias for the id.
+    name: str
+    #: The type of the term, such as @id, @json, @none or @vocab
+    type: Defined | str = UNDEF
+    #: The container type, such as @graph, @id, @index, @language, @list, @set or @type,
+    container: Collection[Any] | str | Defined = UNDEF
+    #: A predicate IRI that should be used to interpret keys of this object,
+    #: when used alongside `@container: @index`.
+    #: See https://www.w3.org/TR/json-ld11/#property-based-data-indexing
+    #: Ideally this wouldn't be called 'index' as it overrides the tuple's builtin index() method
+    #: Hence the pyright ignore comment
+    index: str | Defined | None = (
+        None  # pyright: ignore[reportIncompatibleMethodOverride]
+    )
+    #: The language to be used for values of this term
+    language: str | Defined | None = UNDEF
+    #: Indicates that this term is a reverse property, so subject and object are swapped.
+    #: https://www.w3.org/TR/json-ld11/#reverse-properties
+    reverse: bool = False
+    #: A scoped context used inside values that use this term.
+    #: See https://www.w3.org/TR/json-ld11/#scoped-contexts
+    context: Any = UNDEF
+    #: If true, indicates that this should be used during compaction.
+    #: If false, indicates that this term cannot be used in compaction.
+    #: See https://www.w3.org/TR/json-ld11/#compact-iris
+    prefix: bool | None = None
+    #: If true, marks the term as protected, meaning it cannot be overridden by a subcontext.
+    #: See https://www.w3.org/TR/json-ld11/#protected-term-definitions
+    protected: bool = False
diff --git a/rdflib/plugins/stores/berkeleydb.py b/rdflib/plugins/stores/berkeleydb.py
index 872dc368e..12009787c 100644
--- a/rdflib/plugins/stores/berkeleydb.py
+++ b/rdflib/plugins/stores/berkeleydb.py
@@ -428,7 +428,8 @@ def remove(  # type: ignore[override]
                 cursor = index.cursor(txn=txn)
                 try:
                     cursor.set_range(key)
-                    current = cursor.next
+                    # Hack to stop 2to3 converting this to next(cursor)
+                    current = getattr(cursor, "next")()
                 except db.DBNotFoundError:
                     current = None
                 cursor.close()
@@ -505,7 +506,8 @@ def triples(
             cursor = index.cursor(txn=txn)
             try:
                 cursor.set_range(key)
-                current = cursor.next
+                # Cheap hack so 2to3 doesn't convert to next(cursor)
+                current = getattr(cursor, "next")()
             except db.DBNotFoundError:
                 current = None
             cursor.close()
@@ -537,7 +539,8 @@ def __len__(self, context: Optional[_ContextType] = None) -> int:
             key, value = current
             if key.startswith(prefix):
                 count += 1
-                current = cursor.next
+                # Hack to stop 2to3 converting this to next(cursor)
+                current = getattr(cursor, "next")()
             else:
                 break
         cursor.close()
@@ -590,7 +593,8 @@ def namespaces(self) -> Generator[Tuple[str, URIRef], None, None]:
         while current:
             prefix, namespace = current
             results.append((prefix.decode("utf-8"), namespace.decode("utf-8")))
-            current = cursor.next
+            # Hack to stop 2to3 converting this to next(cursor)
+            current = getattr(cursor, "next")()
         cursor.close()
         for prefix, namespace in results:
             yield prefix, URIRef(namespace)
@@ -633,7 +637,8 @@ def contexts(
                 cursor = index.cursor()
                 try:
                     cursor.set_range(key)
-                    current = cursor.next
+                    # Hack to stop 2to3 converting this to next(cursor)
+                    current = getattr(cursor, "next")()
                 except db.DBNotFoundError:
                     current = None
                 cursor.close()
diff --git a/rdflib/plugins/stores/sparqlstore.py b/rdflib/plugins/stores/sparqlstore.py
index f9827cf94..e7a9723e8 100644
--- a/rdflib/plugins/stores/sparqlstore.py
+++ b/rdflib/plugins/stores/sparqlstore.py
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@
         _TripleType,
         _ContextType,
         _QuadType,
+        _TripleChoiceType,
         _TriplePatternType,
         _SubjectType,
         _PredicateType,
@@ -367,11 +368,7 @@ def triples(  # type: ignore[override]
 
     def triples_choices(
         self,
-        _: Tuple[
-            Union[_SubjectType, List[_SubjectType]],
-            Union[_PredicateType, List[_PredicateType]],
-            Union[_ObjectType, List[_ObjectType]],
-        ],
+        _: _TripleChoiceType,
         context: Optional[_ContextType] = None,
     ) -> Generator[
         Tuple[
diff --git a/rdflib/store.py b/rdflib/store.py
index 2ca03529a..9cada631d 100644
--- a/rdflib/store.py
+++ b/rdflib/store.py
@@ -36,7 +36,6 @@
     Generator,
     Iterable,
     Iterator,
-    List,
     Mapping,
     Optional,
     Tuple,
@@ -49,10 +48,8 @@
     from rdflib.graph import (
         Graph,
         _ContextType,
-        _ObjectType,
-        _PredicateType,
         _QuadType,
-        _SubjectType,
+        _TripleChoiceType,
         _TriplePatternType,
         _TripleType,
     )
@@ -281,11 +278,7 @@ def remove(
 
     def triples_choices(
         self,
-        triple: Union[
-            Tuple[List[_SubjectType], _PredicateType, _ObjectType],
-            Tuple[_SubjectType, List[_PredicateType], _ObjectType],
-            Tuple[_SubjectType, _PredicateType, List[_ObjectType]],
-        ],
+        triple: _TripleChoiceType,
         context: Optional[_ContextType] = None,
     ) -> Generator[
         Tuple[
diff --git a/test/data/longturtle/longturtle-target.ttl b/test/data/longturtle/longturtle-target.ttl
index 54cf23e9f..b9df06e75 100644
--- a/test/data/longturtle/longturtle-target.ttl
+++ b/test/data/longturtle/longturtle-target.ttl
@@ -1,72 +1,74 @@
+PREFIX cn: <https://linked.data.gov.au/def/cn/>
+PREFIX ex: <http://example.com/>
 PREFIX geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#>
 PREFIX rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>
-PREFIX schema: <https://schema.org/>
+PREFIX sdo: <https://schema.org/>
 PREFIX xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#>
 
-<http://example.com/nicholas>
-    a schema:Person ;
-    schema:age 41 ;
-    schema:alternateName 
+ex:nicholas
+    a sdo:Person ;
+    sdo:age 41 ;
+    sdo:alternateName 
         [
-            schema:name "Dr N.J. Car" ;
+            sdo:name "Dr N.J. Car" ;
         ] ,
         "N.J. Car" ,
         "Nick Car" ;
-    schema:name
+    sdo:name
         [
-            a <https://linked.data.gov.au/def/cn/CompoundName> ;
-            schema:hasPart 
+            a cn:CompoundName ;
+            sdo:hasPart 
                 [
-                    a <https://linked.data.gov.au/def/cn/CompoundName> ;
-                    schema:hasPart 
+                    a cn:CompoundName ;
+                    sdo:hasPart 
                         [
-                            a <https://linked.data.gov.au/def/cn/CompoundName> ;
+                            a cn:CompoundName ;
                             rdf:value "Car" ;
                         ] ,
                         [
-                            a <https://linked.data.gov.au/def/cn/CompoundName> ;
+                            a cn:CompoundName ;
                             rdf:value "Maxov" ;
                         ] ;
                 ] ,
                 [
-                    a <https://linked.data.gov.au/def/cn/CompoundName> ;
+                    a cn:CompoundName ;
                     rdf:value "Nicholas" ;
                 ] ,
                 [
-                    a <https://linked.data.gov.au/def/cn/CompoundName> ;
+                    a cn:CompoundName ;
                     rdf:value "John" ;
                 ] ;
         ] ;
-    schema:worksFor <https://kurrawong.ai> ;
+    sdo:worksFor <https://kurrawong.ai> ;
 .
 
 <https://kurrawong.ai>
-    a schema:Organization ;
-    schema:location <https://kurrawong.ai/hq> ;
+    a sdo:Organization ;
+    sdo:location <https://kurrawong.ai/hq> ;
 .
 
 <https://kurrawong.ai/hq>
-    a schema:Place ;
-    schema:address
+    a sdo:Place ;
+    sdo:address
         [
-            a schema:PostalAddress ;
-            schema:addressCountry
+            a sdo:PostalAddress ;
+            sdo:addressCountry
                 [
-                    schema:identifier "au" ;
-                    schema:name "Australia" ;
+                    sdo:identifier "au" ;
+                    sdo:name "Australia" ;
                 ] ;
-            schema:addressLocality "Shorncliffe" ;
-            schema:addressRegion "QLD" ;
-            schema:postalCode 4017 ;
-            schema:streetAddress (
+            sdo:addressLocality "Shorncliffe" ;
+            sdo:addressRegion "QLD" ;
+            sdo:postalCode 4017 ;
+            sdo:streetAddress (
                 72
                 "Yundah"
                 "Street"
             ) ;
         ] ;
-    schema:geo
+    sdo:geo
         [
-            schema:polygon "POLYGON((153.082403 -27.325801, 153.08241 -27.32582, 153.082943 -27.325612, 153.083010 -27.325742, 153.083543 -27.325521, 153.083456 -27.325365, 153.082403 -27.325801))"^^geo:wktLiteral ;
+            sdo:polygon "POLYGON((153.082403 -27.325801, 153.08241 -27.32582, 153.082943 -27.325612, 153.083010 -27.325742, 153.083543 -27.325521, 153.083456 -27.325365, 153.082403 -27.325801))"^^geo:wktLiteral ;
         ] ;
-    schema:name "KurrawongAI HQ" ;
+    sdo:name "KurrawongAI HQ" ;
 .
diff --git a/test/test_graph/test_graph.py b/test/test_graph/test_graph.py
index 639aa710c..0e8227042 100644
--- a/test/test_graph/test_graph.py
+++ b/test/test_graph/test_graph.py
@@ -399,7 +399,7 @@ def test_guess_format_for_parse_http_text_plain():
     assert len(graph) > 0
 
     # A url that returns content-type text/html.
-    url = "https://github.com/RDFLib/rdflib/issues/2734"
+    url = "https://www.w3.org/TR/REC-rdf-syntax/"
     with pytest.raises(PluginException):
         graph = Graph().parse(url)
 
diff --git a/test/test_serializers/test_serializer_longturtle.py b/test/test_serializers/test_serializer_longturtle.py
index c1761b6da..65821784e 100644
--- a/test/test_serializers/test_serializer_longturtle.py
+++ b/test/test_serializers/test_serializer_longturtle.py
@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ def test_longturtle():
     g.bind("sdo", SDO)
 
     # run the long turtle serializer
-    output = g.serialize(format="longturtle")
+    output = g.serialize(format="longturtle", canon=True)
 
     # fix the target
     current_dir = Path.cwd()  # Get the current directory
diff --git a/test/test_serializers/test_serializer_longturtle_sort.py b/test/test_serializers/test_serializer_longturtle_sort.py
index 0e397afaf..044660e3e 100644
--- a/test/test_serializers/test_serializer_longturtle_sort.py
+++ b/test/test_serializers/test_serializer_longturtle_sort.py
@@ -62,55 +62,55 @@ def test_sort_semiblank_graph() -> None:
             graph.add((outer_node, EX.has, inner_node))
             graph.add((inner_node, RDFS.seeAlso, nested))
 
-        graph_text = graph.serialize(format="longturtle", sort=True)
+        graph_text = graph.serialize(format="longturtle", canon=True)
         if first_graph_text == "":
             first_graph_text = graph_text
 
         serialization_counter[graph_text] += 1
 
     expected_serialization = """\
-PREFIX ns1: <http://example.org/ex/>
+PREFIX ex: <http://example.org/ex/>
 PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
 
-ns1:A
+ex:A
     rdfs:comment "Thing A" ;
 .
 
-ns1:C
+ex:C
     rdfs:comment "Thing C" ;
 .
 
-ns1:B
+ex:B
     rdfs:comment "Thing B" ;
 .
 
-[]    ns1:has
+[]    ex:has
         [
-            rdfs:seeAlso ns1:A ;
+            rdfs:seeAlso ex:A ;
         ] ;
 .
 
-[]    rdfs:seeAlso ns1:B ;
+[]    rdfs:seeAlso ex:B ;
 .
 
-[]    ns1:has
+[]    ex:has
         [
-            rdfs:seeAlso ns1:C ;
+            rdfs:seeAlso ex:C ;
         ] ;
 .
 
-[]    rdfs:seeAlso ns1:A ;
+[]    rdfs:seeAlso ex:A ;
 .
 
-[]    rdfs:seeAlso ns1:C ;
+[]    rdfs:seeAlso ex:C ;
 .
 
-[]    rdfs:seeAlso ns1:B ;
+[]    rdfs:seeAlso ex:B ;
 .
 
-[]    ns1:has
+[]    ex:has
         [
-            rdfs:seeAlso ns1:B ;
+            rdfs:seeAlso ex:B ;
         ] ;
 .